My Papa

Reflective Essay by Liam Shortall Visiting Papa It was March 2011, and my Dad and I had just been to pick up my brand new trombone from the Rath factory in Huddersfield and were heading towards Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital to visit my grandfather. He had just had been through quadruple bypass heart surgery at the tender age of 79. My grandfather, or Papa, had been suffering from acute pain in the heart, and severe exhaustion :the daily stroll to the shop had now become an impossible task. After being examined by his local GP on a regular basis for a few months, he was admitted to Liverpool for this major operation.My grandfather was immensely apprehensive and at one point almost refused treatment. One week into his stay, my Dad went with my Uncle Richard to visit him. He was extremely confused; he didn't know his location and how long he had been there. My Nana had kept my Dad and Uncle informed in regard to his condition but in visiting him they soon realised that she had not revealed the full extent of his ill health. After this particular visit my Dad didn't really seem himself, he seemed anxious and constantly on edge, a complete opposite to his usual joking self. My papa must have been in a dreadful state.Previous to my visit to Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital (LHCH) we had been to pick up my new trombone, I was ecstatic. Finally I was getting the instrument that I had being dreaming of for, what felt like forever. And after so many sleepless nights too, the day was finally here! But my happiness was short-lived, I wasn't to know of the severity of Papa's condition and my heart soon sank when we entered the hospital. As soon as I walked though the hospital doors, I seemed to feel even colder than I did outside on this winter day: it was so clinical and unwelcoming.Suddenly I felt very uncomfortable in this new environment; never have I felt so selfish and guilty. After hiking through this never-ending maze of wards, through the different sounds an d noises coming from various wards, we entered the room my Papa was ‘recovering' in. I briefly looked around, noticing my Nana standing in the corner of the room with an exhausted and worried expression on her face, trying to force a smile. We walked over to the bed in which my Papa lay looking still and weak with his eyes closed. He ad all sorts of pipes and tubes entering his frail body, and a never ending metronome of multiple beeping sounds came from various machines that had been plumbed into him. This bruising sight still stays with me today. Gently laying her hand on his arm and shaking him softly, my Nana attempted to wake Papa up. He opened his eyes until they were open just enough to glance over at us. He then muttered something that I couldn’t understand. He seemed to vaguely recognise who his son was, but when he looked me it was as though he hadn't seen my before in his life, as though I was merely a stranger at his bedside.Nana explained to us that as a re sult of his surgery and strong medication he was becoming exceedingly confused and exhausted. My increasingly distressed Nana seemed at an all time low and she had lost all hope for Papa. My Dad had managed to have a half conversation with his Papa, he told me. He said that Papa would say a few words and then stop for breath. Nana then gingerly pulled back the bed sheets that lay on top of him and revealed his chest. There was a large, very noticeable scar surrounded by a sea of black bruises which covered his chest. I stared at my Papa for a while.The Papa I knew so well was so warm hearted, lively and full of humour, so different to the man lying in the bed in front of me . A lump had developed in my throat and my vision became blurry. I blinked and could feel the sting of a single tear run down my cheek. The feeling of not being recognised by someone you know so well and have so many fond memories with, was unfathomable. Knowing there was nothing I could do to help someone that w e loved and cared about so much made us all feel so incredibly helpless. As visiting hours came to a close we said our goodbyes to Papa, hoping for the best for his health, but dreading the worst.He of course was too delusional to reply, which felt so demoralising as he always would make a fuss of us leaving after a visit. Nana then walked us back to the car park. She, understandably wanted to get back to my Papa's bedside. So we awkwardly said goodbye to her and wished her and Papa the very best. Visiting my Papa in hospital affected me in more ways than I ever imagined it would have. Looking back on this experience I realise how important it was and how much of a turning point it was in my life. It made me realise how much we take our loved ones for granted, and how harsh the reality of life actually is, and how precious it is also.I realised how much of an influence my Papa had had on my upbringing. Many of the features of my personality are related to my Papa and his character, which made the worry of something sinister happening so much more awful. It also made me realise the ignorant and selfish attitude I had before this emotional day. And to think how lucky I, and the majority of us actually are. I believe most of us take our good health for granted. And we don't realise how good we have it compared to others who are in dreadful states, when their personalities are often unrecognisable.

Racism and Stereotypes Essay

â€Å"Sport provides a particularly public display of relations of dominance and subordination†¦. The point of sport is to display publicly the processes of challenge and struggle between two sides alleged to begin in equal terms but determined to produce and sustain relations of dominance vis-a-vis one another. Moreover, sport as a meritocracy based on skill quietly reaffirms our national common sense; individuals who work hard and possess the right stuff will always prevail. Turned on its head, this lesson becomes even more insidious: those who are at the top must have risen to the top through fair means and thus deserve their position. In contrast, those not at the top do not possess the requisite talent for such privilege. Even the runner-up is a loser†(Wulfemeyer & Rada, 2005). Sport provides an objective measure to evaluate the performance of a player and/or a team. There are countless statistics for athletes in every sport, which are evaluated on a daily basis. Statistics show how well an athlete performs and how good of an player they truly are. As an athlete, talent is all that should matter and be looked at when making a judgment of whether they are good or not, unfortunately this does not always hold true today. Stereotyping, racism, sexism and all those negative aspects of life, which were thought to have diminished over the years, are still prominent and portrayed through the media to this day. Stereotyping is the process of imposing characteristics on people based on their perceived group membership (Harrison, 2001). Based on stereotypical beliefs, we make social assumptions and make judgments on our knowledge of the perceived traits of those that fit into social categories. Viewing groups in terms of stereotypes is the brain’s way of filling in missing information about individuals we know little about by superimposing perceived traits of the group to which they belong. This is an efficient adaptation of the human mind to allow us to get out of â€Å"getting to know† everyone we encounter. Humans have neither the cognitive capacity, time, nor the desire to process all of the information available to us. We therefore use our cognitive space as efficiently as possible by categorizing and compressing information in an attempt to store more (Rose & Christina, 2006). When stereotypes are based on a wealth of accumulated social and factual knowledge and are not used to make trait assumptions about individual group members, they are generally accurate and pose few problems. It is when stereotypes are based on false, misleading, or limited information that they become problematic. While most stereotyping, even the problematic variety, can be considered harmless it holds potential for quick activation if circumstances and situations present themselves (Harrison Jr. , 2001). Sport and physical activity provide an abundant ground for the development, utilization, and prolongation of stereotypes. Racial stereotypes regarding the abilities of African Americans and Europeans are very much prominent in the realm of sport and physical activity. These stereotypes have been fueled historically by theories developed to explain the perceived performance differences between African Americans and European Americans. Many years of theorizing and hypothesizing about the natural physical abilities of African American athletes have shaped the thinking of entire populations. These seemingly scientific theories and hypotheses have formed the origin of today’s African American athlete stereotype (Armstrong, 2011). The former United Nations’ Secretary General, Kofi Annan was quoted saying â€Å"sport is a universal language that can bring people together, no matter what their origin, background, religious beliefs or economic status† (United Nations, 2005) but this was not always the case. Major barriers have been conquered over the years to bring equality to this nation and validate the former Secretary General’s above statement. One of the biggest issues that was dealt with was racism. This is a topic many like to tiptoe around and believe is nonexistent in American, the so-called melting pot of the world. Ethnic groups are equal if not more dominant in professional sports today in their participation in sport but the same cannot be said for the coverage of the events that they participate in. Research shows that there are still priming racial stereotypes made by sport announcers (Westerfield, Johnson, Hallian). â€Å"African American athletes, once excluded from participating in professional and intercollegiate sports because of institutionalized discrimination, now participate in many sports at a rate that equals or greatly exceeds their representation in the population. This is especially true in the case of intercollegiate and professional football and basketball† (Center for the Study of Sport in Society, 2001). As equality became more evident in sport, especially football and basketball, so did the media coverage of these sports. The development of technologies, such as the television or Internet, allows people all over the world to watch a growing increase in the popularity of sport. Over the years sports coverage has given a larger viewing population to the networks and the sporting entities have used that coverage to increase their revenue. Even though both equality for the minority player and the media were growing at the same time they were not growing together. It was true that blacks were getting more rights to play but they were not being broadcasted out to a larger audience by the media. For years African Americans and the African American community have been underrepresented in television coverage. When African Americans did appear they were often pigeonholed into demeaning, stereotype ridden portrayals, showing them as â€Å"bestial, brutish, buffoonish, comical, criminal, dependant of government entitlements or support, ignorant, lazy, menacing, oversexed, and prone to out-of wedlock births† (Wulfemeyer & Rada, 2005). The question of bias in sports coverage is neither new nor limited to race. To date, several research projects have uncovered bias across race, gender, and ethnicity (Wulfemeyer & Rada, 2005). The presence of bias has not been limited by venue either. Research has found bias across a wide range of sporting events ranging from professional and intercollegiate sports in the United States to international events such as the Olympics. Research has also demonstrated that bias can take many forms, from what is heard from the spoken commentary on-air to what is seen from the game coverage (Wulfemeyer & Rada, 2005). One form of racial bias that researchers have consistently uncovered is the brawn versus brains descriptions directed toward the players. It would seem as though complimenting an athlete for his or her athletic ability and physical attributes would seem positive and encouraging to a player but that is not always the case. Sometimes these seemingly positive comments have an underlying bias that is revealed by the commentary’s views of the players. This image that is made by the media that African Americans are naturally athletic and are blessed with God given talent can portray the negative creation and perception of the lazy athlete who does not have to work hard or at all at his/her craft. Many times it was also portrayed that blacks were more animalistic and farther away from being civilized than the rest of the population as well. These stereotypical expressions were put into the open in 1989 when Jimmy Snyder, an on-air personality for CBS Sports, openly told the public that the success of African American athletes was the result of selective and effective breeding on the part of the slave owners. Announcers negate not just physical and intellectual ability; intellect and character were also commented on, further negating the African American athlete. These stereotypes are not just targeted towards African Americans; they apply and are present for all races. Examples of these stereotypes are things such as blacks don’t feel pain, have no morals, are not team players have animal instincts, etc. Caucasian players can’t jump, they are hickish, and they are too loud or to opinionated and are very naive to everyday life. People of Asian decent are always good at math, cant drive well and are very strict with their children. Native Americans are lazy and sometimes alcoholics, and only live off the casinos. Hispanics are not patriotic, they all drive trucks; they are all-good at yard work and like to have a lot of children. All of these are examples of stereotypes that are out in society today and the list could continue to go on and on. These stereotypes that are portrayed by the media have prominent effect of the sports that athletes choose to participate in, in many cases it probably even effect what position they play. Since media has become such a big part of today’s society and is incorporated into our everyday lives young athletes watch sports on television and listen to what is being said about certain athletes and are likely to base what they want to do on the sport that they best fit into. For example if you are black you best fit in playing either basketball or football, if you are white you best fit in playing baseball or swimming, if you are of some sort of Hispanic decent you should play soccer or maybe even baseball. Even though racism is suppose to be a topic that was squashed long ago it still lives very much through stereotyping and is successfully denying full integration throughout the spectrum of sport. These same stereotypes that are made by the media towards the male roles of sport also apply to females as well. Even though woman around the world now participate in sport they are still not held to the same standard as males. â€Å"When female athletes transgress gender norms and boundaries, even in a â€Å"Post-Title IX† moment, they are still held to antiquated societal standards of emphasized femininity and feminine appearance by the mainstream news media† (Waches, Messner, Dworkin, Cooky, 2010). A great examples of this taking place is the Don Imus controversy in 2007 when he made stereotypical, sexist and offensive comments about the Rutgers University woman’s basketball team. Sexism is the belief or attitude that women are inferior to men, the application of masculine stereotypes to women or the hatred of one gender or sex (Griffin, 1992). â€Å"In collegiate sports, sexism can manifest itself in several ways including inequitable funding dedicated to women’s sports, media coverage of women’s sporting events, women’s college coaching salaries, views on elite female athletes and prejudice and discrimination against lesbians† (Whiteside & Hardin, 2009). Sexist views on female athletes originated in the 1920s, from medical establishment concerns about the masculinizing effects of sport participation on women. From a contemporary standpoint, football, men’s basketball and most male college sports draw more interest and revenue than women’s college sports. This reality provides the foundation for beliefs about female athletic inferiority (Griffin, 1992). Sexism appears most often in women’s basketball, in part, because the game draws the most attention among women’s college sports and because women’s basketball is more similar to a men’s sport than any other college sport. In addition, women’s basketball is not one of the socially approved feminine sports like tennis or golf. Traditionally, prissy sports like tennis, golf and gymnastics are viewed as more feminine and these sports are, coincidentally, inundated with White women. Black women have customarily participated in basketball and track, which have long been considered as masculine sports. Sport controversies can alienate and oppress Black female student-athletes who already confront isolation, media criticism, prejudice and stereotypes. Neglecting race and gender controversies in sport can impact athletic department’s brand name recognition, alumni donations, corporate sponsorships and game attendance. More important, race and gender controversies also can negatively affect minority and female student-athletes’ recruitment, student-athletes’ social development and social justice for all student-athletes. â€Å"Inquires should uncover sociocultural implications that can be used to craft recommendations in instances when race, gender, and sport adversely intersect† (Waches, Messner, Dworkin, Cooky, 2010). It is said that racism is something of the pass and in today’s society it is non-existence but according to Gill (2011) there is a modern type of racism called new racism. New racism is based on the widespread belief that racism no longer exists and civil rights legislation created an equal playing field. New racism includes feeling a way of life is threatened by others and different cultures are assumed to be incompatible. The traits that truly distinguish new racism from historical racism are: racial ambiguity, blaming Blacks for their problems, and the use of the media to facilitate racism. Racial ambiguity refers to putting forth a non-prejudiced explanation for what might be considered as a prejudiced statement. For instance, when Don Imus was asked to explain his comments about the comment he had made about the woman’s Rutger team he stated that his comments were intended to be a joke. Present in new racism, unlike historical racism, is the belief that the problems Blacks experience are not a result of social disadvantage, but rather a result of some predisposed deviance in Black culture (Gill, 2011). It is evident that racism, sexism, prejudice, stereotyping and a lack of equality are still very much present it sport today. Even with all the equality acts and laws that have been passed the playing field has yet to be leveled amongst different races, ethnic groups, and genders. Even though many sports have been intermingled there are still many sports that are dominated by one specific minority and that is not how it should be. The media needs stop putting emphasis and specific aspects of certain people’s life because in doing this they are generalizing a group. Through generalization the media is implying that a certain group of people are all the same and thus should all be expected to act the same way. This brings a very negative aspect to sport. Since sport is such a big part of American culture I believe that the media should really begin to change their ways and stay as unbiased as possible to allow the viewing population to make their own judgments and opinions on people based on their talent, not on what generalized group they have been placed in. References Armstrong L., Ketra (2011). ‘Lifting the Veils and Illuminating the Shadows’: Furthering the Explorations of Race and Ethnicity in Sport Management. Journal of Sport Management 25, 95-106. Gill Jr, L. Emmett (2011). The Rutgers Woman’s Basketball & Don Imus Controversey (RUINUS): White Privlages, New Racism, and the Implications for College Sport Management. Journal of Sport Management 25, 118-130. Griffin, Pat (1992). Changing the Game: Homophobia, Sexism, and Lesbians in Sport. QUEST 4, 251-265. Harrison Jr, Louis (2001). Understanding the Influences of Stereotypes: Implications for the African American in Sport and Physical Activity. QUEST 53, 97-114. Rose, J. Debra, Christina, W. Robert (2006). A multilevel Approach to the Study of Motor Control and Learning (2nd ed). University of North Carolina-Greensboro: Pearson. Wachs L. Faye, Messner Michael, Dworkin L. Sheri, Cooky Cheryl (2010). It’s Not About the Game: Don Imus, Race, Class, Gender and Sexuality in Contemporary Media. Sociology of Sport Journal 27, 139-159. Westerfield R. Carl, Johnson L. Darrell, Hallinan J. Christopher. Picturing Success: Photographs and Stereotyping in Men’s Collegiate Basketball. Journal of Sport Behavior 22:1. Whiteside E. Erin, Hardin Marie (2009). The Power of â€Å"Small Stories:† Narratives and Notions of Gender Equality in Conversations About Sport. Sociology of Sport Journal 26, 255-278. Wulfemeyer K. Tim, Rada A. James (2005). Color Coded: Racial Descriptors in Television Coverage of Intercollegiate Sports. Journal o Broadcasting & Electronic Media 49, 65-85.

The rain came

Reflection paper of Desiree's baby Madame Valmond and Monsiure found Desiree as a baby and thought that she was a gift from God. When Desiree turned 18, she fell in love with Armand Aubigny. Finally, they got married. When they got their first baby, Armand was not happy with the baby because it was not white. He treated the baby and Desiree like slaves. Then, Desiree decided to go to deserted bayou instead of Valmond ©. Armand, on the other hand, burnt all Desiree's and the babys belongings including the letters. One of the etters was sent from his mother to his father, which he reads.In the letter, his mother thanks to the God that her son will never know that she has mixed blood. Among all characters portrayed in this story, I dislike in Armand Aubigny the most for these reasons. First, he is thoughtless. He tends to be like quick to Judge that the baby was not his. He did not even notice that he was the one who has mixed blood. Second, he is not loyal to his wife. He cheated on her in front of her face by bringing the mistress to his house Just to hurt his wife's feeling. Third, he is racist.According to the story, all of his slaves are all black people, and when his wife got the baby who is not white, he asked her to leave the house with the baby. Fourth, he is aggressive. For example, he burnt all of his wife's and his babys belongings when they left. Last, this character has given me a picture that being racist is basically hurts people's feeling because they are actually innocent about their appearance. What I have importantly learnt from the story is that back in the past of the American society for the people who thought that they were white and found out that hey are partly black, would sometimes commit suicide.I can see that when Desiree thought that she was partly black through her babys look and her mysterious background, she went and disappeared herself in the bayou since she could not get loved from her cruel-racist husband anymore. Therefore, people should not be racist because color does not matter. It is the person inside. We should know that all people are different no matter what they look like. In addition, not one race is better than the other. There are good and bad people in every race. The rain came Reflection paper of Desiree's baby Madame Valmond and Monsiure found Desiree as a baby and thought that she was a gift from God. When Desiree turned 18, she fell in love with Armand Aubigny. Finally, they got married. When they got their first baby, Armand was not happy with the baby because it was not white. He treated the baby and Desiree like slaves. Then, Desiree decided to go to deserted bayou instead of Valmond ©. Armand, on the other hand, burnt all Desiree's and the babys belongings including the letters. One of the etters was sent from his mother to his father, which he reads.In the letter, his mother thanks to the God that her son will never know that she has mixed blood. Among all characters portrayed in this story, I dislike in Armand Aubigny the most for these reasons. First, he is thoughtless. He tends to be like quick to Judge that the baby was not his. He did not even notice that he was the one who has mixed blood. Second, he is not loyal to his wife. He cheated on her in front of her face by bringing the mistress to his house Just to hurt his wife's feeling. Third, he is racist.According to the story, all of his slaves are all black people, and when his wife got the baby who is not white, he asked her to leave the house with the baby. Fourth, he is aggressive. For example, he burnt all of his wife's and his babys belongings when they left. Last, this character has given me a picture that being racist is basically hurts people's feeling because they are actually innocent about their appearance. What I have importantly learnt from the story is that back in the past of the American society for the people who thought that they were white and found out that hey are partly black, would sometimes commit suicide.I can see that when Desiree thought that she was partly black through her babys look and her mysterious background, she went and disappeared herself in the bayou since she could not get loved from her cruel-racist husband anymore. Therefore, people should not be racist because color does not matter. It is the person inside. We should know that all people are different no matter what they look like. In addition, not one race is better than the other. There are good and bad people in every race.

Chinese bank's potential to set up a new market in UK Essay

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Isalm, the West, and Democracy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Isalm, the West, and Democracy - Essay Example hammed, the Prophet of Islam, started his preachings of true and one God, ALLAH, almost 1400 years ago on a very small scale when he was called upon on the duty to be a Prophet by God. However, the subsequent battles, the increase in the strength of Muslims, the so called followers of Islam being called, provided enough manpower to start a spree of conquests and establish one of the largest empires of the world. However, due to its uniqueness, it failed to find a match with the governance styles prevalent in the world at that time. Based on Khilafa, which is the system of governance where few good and pious men choose the Khalifa or King, does not match in its entirety with the democratic systems of government where collective self governance is done through a popular election. This compatibility of democracy and Islam is one of the most debated topics in academic as well as non-academic circles especially in the aftermath of 9/11 and the subsequent re-defining of world order and the war on terror. The history of Islam suggest that the concept of election was present but to a very limited level. As discussed above that the Kalifa was chosen with the consent of the pious men of the society does indicate a certain level of crude electoral school present in the primitive Islamic society. It must also be noted that the earliest Islamic society was very limited and Medina, where the Islamic empire begun comprised only few thousands inhabitants. Islamic therefore necessarily do not advocate any particular form of governance therefore to argue that democracy and Islam are two incompatible issues is basically a flawed argument. All the earliest evidence of Islamic society and its teachings do not point towards a single system of governance in the country. Caliphate does not mean an Islamic system of governance as it was not the chosen method of governance. The issue of democracy and Islam need to be traced back to its origin. As Feldman has started to trace the

Environmental engineering report- flocculation Assignment

Environmental engineering report- flocculation - Assignment Example Proper designing, construction, and minimizing mechanisms are essential for protecting the environment and thus, the process of flocculation is regarded as a significant environment engineering techniques that helps to provide purified water. Thus, the report postulates that the flocculation technology is one of the superior environmental engineering processes to reduce the perilous and harmful substances that are generally present in the water, but the chance of errors remain in the process due to utilization ineffective chemicals. Environmental engineering is the application of science and engineering technology in order to respond to the challenges imposed to the environment. Besides, with the growing population, the extensive land-uses, modernization of technology, increasing operational activities and other factors has led to a significant threat to the environment. However, through this growing concern various environmental engineers are engaged in the activities to develop and provide most noteworthy and technical solutions in order to effectively deal and resolve the environmental problem and issues through the optimum utilization of necessary resources. The main object of the environmental engineering is to improve the condition of the natural environment through providing healthy air, water and land supporting the human habitation as well as a prospering ecosystem. In this regards the flocculation is an indigenous engineering mechanism to treat the wastewater. This mechanism is used to neutralize as w ell as aggregate the various ‘colloidal particles’ that are present in the water. Moreover, this mechanism is utilized to reduce the hazardous substances, color, phosphorous, organic substances, and metal traces including iron, chromium and manganese present in the water. Moreover, due the significant characteristics of colloidal suspension present in the water, it is difficult to separate through the conventional

Business Case Analysis for Virgin Group Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

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Bacteriology - Case Study Example difficile microorganisms. The selected methods must be affordable for the organisation undertaking the testing. Since the different methods require different testing durations, the number of samples and the time results expected also determine the testing methods to be utilised (DuPont 2011). To ensure that all these factors have been met, optional methods can be utilised either singly or by combining two methods. The best option for testing would be combining Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) assay with enzyme immune-assay (EIA). The combination of these methods would enhance the limitations experienced by each method and increase the reliability of results. Samples would be prepared and each sample tested using both methods, and results recorded separately. A comparison of the results would then be undertaken to establish the various attributes being analysed by the results. The GDH method has been identified as having high sensitivity, but very poor specificity. The method can, therefore, accurately rule out the presence of clostridium difficile, but cannot ascertain the presence of the microbes (Goldenberg et al. 2010). The method rarely produces a negative for samples labelled true-positive using the EIA testing method. In most testing processes, GDH produces 100% specificity result because of the lack of false positive result, from the testing. The combination of these methods would enhance findings since GDH produces high sensitivity, and EIA produces relatively high specificity. Combining these methods, therefore, presents researchers with a capacity to have reliable results from the laboratory testing of clostridium difficile. GDH accurately tests the presence of enzymes produced by these microorganisms, but cannot ascertain the presence of C. difficile since similar enzymes are produced by other bacteria (Eastwood et al. 2009). The method can, therefore, rule out the presence of the microbial

Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

Coursework Example The government also wants that the economy function at the full employment level, so that all the people who are capable and willing to work would be able to attain a job, however the natural rate of unemployment will never be zero due to seasonal, structural and other reasons. (McConnell & Brue, 1996) Zero inflation is considered bad for the economy; however, the inflation rate shouldn’t be too high or even too low in the economy and shouldn’t change rapidly. The government wants to sustain the inflation at a moderate and sustainable level. The prices and accordingly the demand of goods and services will vary according to the price level and therefore it is important that the general price level remain stable in the economy. Lastly, the government also aims at keeping their finances sound as well as the balance of payments account. (McConnell & Brue, 1996) However it is difficult to classify the objectives in order of their importance. And this makes the task of the go vernment difficult due to clashing objectives and a tradeoff needs to be made. Such as a policy that would perhaps stimulate overall demand or aggregate demand in the short run may reduce unemployment but that may increase inflation in the long run and go against the government’s objective of maintaining moderate inflation rate. This may also lead to a worsening of the balance of payment position and the government needs to make a choice as to what is more important. At the same time, growth and inflation are considered to be of utmost importance because growth is what improves the standard of living for people and controlling inflation also leads to general price levels being stable and thus attaining the goal of sustainable growth. Inflation is supposed to be the most important goal to achieve since it is believed that the other aims would be difficult to achieve in the long run if the sustainable inflation rate is missed. (McConnell & Brue, 1996) Governments can employ two policies in times of a recession, that is, a decline in GDP as well in times of expansion, that is, a rise in the GDP level. And these are: fiscal and monetary policies. Fiscal policies involve government expenditure and taxes to increase or decrease the economic activity. There are two types of fiscal policies: contractionary and expansionary fiscal policies. Contractionary fiscal policy is when the government spends less that the tax revenue, that is, the taxes are higher and government spends less on the economy to finance their debt. They also try to increase public sector borrowing requirement. An expansionary fiscal policy is used to expand the economy when it is in recession by the government spending increasing and a reduction in taxes. This leaves people with more disposable income and consumption and spending in the economy increases overall. The figure for an expansionary fiscal policy is shown below: A situation where G=T is one where the overall tax revenue funds the o verall government spending and this is called a neutral fiscal policy and is applied in an economy which is in equilibrium. Fiscal policies can help with the objectives of achieving a stable growth rate, full employment and price stability. However, government spending and borrowing can also lead to high interest rates, and when a debt is incurred, it may need to be facilitated from overseas, monetization or public borrowing. This can actually

Buddhism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Buddhism - Essay Example Thus, Buddhism is a philosophy that can also be a religion. One of the passages that relates to personal ethics is this: â€Å"Wakefulness is the way of life†¦How happy he is! For he sees that wakefulness is life!...† (from the Dhammapada translated by Byrom as qtd. in Kornfield 1). When I am wakeful, I am aware of who I am and what I am doing in relation to the effects of my actions to others and my environment. Wakefulness is important to being mindful of my impacts on others. In addition, this passage is related to professional and public ethics: â€Å"A person of wisdom should be truthful, without arrogance, without deceit, not slanderous and not hateful† (adapted from the Sutta-nipata translated by Saddhatissa as qtd. in Kornfield 3). This is related to professional ethics because it emphasizes the importance of truthfulness in doing our jobs. It reminds people of the wisdom in being honest in all our roles and responsibilities as professionals. It is also related to public ethics because public employees should serve without malice and deceit. They should do their jobs with honesty and integrity. The moral framework of Buddhism works within some of our public topics because it highlights moral responsibilities for truthfulness and mindfulness that are important, such as when voting and public policy. For example, we have to be mindful when voting and be critical of whom we are selecting as our public officials because they are going to make important decisions with our taxpayers’ money and the power we give to them. Public policy also needs truthfulness in being sincere in serving people’s real needs and mindfulness in being aware of how every decision impacts different stakeholders. The moral framework of Buddhism can help citizens and politicians become more aware of their roles and responsibilities and how they can work together in solving social Buddhism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4 Buddhism - Essay Example Buddhism, as a few people know, is not as much a religion as it is a meditative inner power of sorts. Contrary to other religions, Buddhism does not bestow upon its followers a doctrine or set of instructions that one must follow if they do not want to be banished to eternal hellfire. In fact, Buddhism’s primary principles are based on the human psychology, something many people can and do relate to. Unlike a god that cannot be seen and that must be envisioned as being eternally powerful, Buddhism’s mantra revolves around inner finding, and inner peace with oneself (Hanh, pp.4 – 11). This lack of external factors incites people to come towards it and share in this belief. As it is human nature to be alpha dogs of society, this is ultimately the perfect combination of belief and human psychology since now man is satisfied that there is no factor outside his influence as far as life is concerned, and that, crude as it may sound, is a proposition that brings about s atisfaction to man today. The secret to Buddhism’s success lies within its principles; most ideas that conflict with man’s autonomous nature have been discarded by Buddhism. For example, Buddhism by and large rejects the tedious existence of God, angels, heaven and hell. So now, instead of feeling confined, forced and, in a way, threatened to believe in a religion, people are told that if they follow, they will be doing so only for their inner peace, and that equation settles well with most cynics and rebels of society. This lack of ultimatums makes man feel less violated and less forced; in short, it is a religion that actively allows man to practice according to his free will. In addition, thus, as a progressive religion that adapts to man’s nature, it has done pretty well in terms of acceptance on a global level, as can be seen from its increasing numbers. Transformation of consciousness is one of the primary aims of a Buddhist. In America, freedoms of

ComputerBased Applications in Aviation Education Essay

ComputerBased Applications in Aviation Education - Essay Example In the paper that follows, an explanation of the different procedures of technology and how they are used in modern aviation education shall be presented and well tackled. With ample research and understanding, it could be noted that the discussion of this matter could create a clearer picture as to how the entire process of technological adjustment has actually found better ways of increasing the comprehensive approach of the teaching matters that are used in improving the proper ways of enhancing students' skills on flying as well as in handling aircraft technical problems and maintenance issues. With systems of economic reform that the society is getting involved with today, education has become the most important aspect in an individual's life. In the United States today, according to the United States Census Bureau, a student's personal quest for educational enhancement and development is key to his/her long-term career and economic success. No longer are innate abilities and talents a key to a person's success or failure. Individual success or failure is now determined by the level of education that one particularly gained from studying.1 For this reason, education at some point becomes the medium of measurement among individuals in the society as to how they are supposed to be viewed in terms of possibilities of being successful. The prestige that garnering a higher level of education nowadays does not only mark a person in the society as someone who has the capability to stand for his own self, but it also remains as a mark among employers as to who among the many appl icants are they to hire for a certain position. Those who have the skills and may even have the talents find it hard enough to jump up to the executive ladder [especially for business establishment organizations].2 While on the other hand, those who have the educational attainment become the ones who are able to take place in higher positions at work, even though they may have lesser skills than that of the others who have not garnered an education as high as they do. Certainly, from this particular perspective, it could be noted that education today becomes a measuring tool for people as to how they may fare in life. Education at some point becomes an element of social classification that makes it possible for massive diversity to occur between those who have the capabilities of garnering high levels of educational attainment from those who cannot. This is primarily one of the effects of globalization within the dealings of the human society. It is undeniable that as the application of globalization progresses, the demand for highly competent workers [based on educational attainment] is indeed taken seriously by the employers at present. Furthermore, the challenge becomes much tougher because of the fact that as the globalization era comes into picture, the challenge in producing highly competent workers is presented to educators of the present systems of education. What are these challenges in particular Primarily, as globalization invites global neighbouring among nations around the world, immigration of students from different races becomes an eminent

Desperation to help Catherine Essay Example for Free

Desperation to help Catherine Essay Manliness is a belief that you are a man, and for any one else to be a man too, they should be somewhat like you. Hostility is open hatred and enmity. These two are linked when a man believes that he is a true man, and he sees another man as not being a true man, and so he openly hates him as he is not a right person. This happens in the play as Eddie feels he is a man; however he doesnt think Rodolpho is a true man as he does not have the right priorities, and gets involved in feminine tasks. In this way, manliness and hostility are connected. This hostility can lead to aggression as aggression is hostile behaviour or actions. This hostility can lead to aggress as hostility is hatred, and if someone hates any other person, but this person does not react back with hatred, the person begins to get frustrated and angry; and his aggression builds up. This is shown in the play when Eddie continually tries to deprive and show Rodolpho down, yet Rodolpho never reacts back with hostility. We see there is only one time in the play, where Rodolpho tries to help Eddie to stop embarrassing himself; and tries to make Eddie stop insulting his going-to-be wife. He flings an attack onto Eddie through his desperation to help Catherine. This shows us that even Rodolpho has some aggression within him, and also shows us that when you are faced with hostility, you can also have a build of aggression within you. These two are connected in the ways shown. Manliness and aggression are linked by several strings. Manliness, as Eddie believes is power, and the only way for him to express his power is by using aggression. Due to his lack of emotions, he finds it hard to express what he wants to say, and so it is a natural instinct for him to use aggression to get his message across. Manliness is the belief that you are the dominant member, in any circumstance. However when we have more than one person fighting for this right, aggression becomes involved as it is the only way to show which is stronger and thus which one deserves that role. This is shown throughout Act Two, as Eddies power declines due to Marcos manliness. In each Eddie, Marco and Rodolpho, Miller gifts them with unique qualities which the audience can admire. In Eddie it is clear that Miller has given him the gift of self belief. Eddie did what he believed was right throughout the play, even though this led to his death. Miller uses Alfieris speech at the end to indicate this; but himself purely, for he allowed himself to be wholly known Eddie also cared very much about his family, especially his niece. He loved her so much, that due to his manliness, he could not resist his sexual desire for her; however he tried his hardest to do so, and he was successful, until Rodolpho arrived. The jealously within Eddie had reached such a high level along with his aggression shown by the stage directions, He looks at [Catherine] like a lost boy as he realised that all his life, he has loved someone very much, taken complete care of her. He even worked extra time to buy her stenography, because he wanted her to move up a class; but now a man who aint right has just stolen her from him. This quality, the quality of devotion to your family, and caring of everyone who is in it, even if they are not your own children, is one than should also be admired in Eddie. This quality is also significant in Marcos character. Marco loves his family very much and has sacrificed his home to risk his life to migrate to America in order to earn some money so that he can send back to them; who can live a happier life than before. This is shown when Marco says, what can I do? The older one is sick in the chest. My wife she feeds them from her own mouth they will never grow up they eat the sunshine. He also is protective of Rodolpho as he knows he is weaker than him, and as he is his brother, it is his duty to help him. When this scene took place, it was a key moment as Eddie understood that if he should pick on someone his own size. Another quality which would have been much admired would be Marcos politeness, as well as his straightforwardness and simplicity. This is shown, as mentioned before, when he says to Eddie, when you say we go, we go. This shows us that he has respect for them as they are letting his and his brother stay in their house, but as soon as they feel they need to have their house back he and Rodolpho will leave. It is also a symbol of politeness, and indicated his straightforwardness. Rodolpho has the quality of being unique. He was very different, appearance, character and belief wise compared to most men in the Sicilian era. A quality which should be admired is his persistent politeness even when other people mainly Eddie are rude to him. He always tries to uplift a dull conversation and he is the kind of person who always wants happiness. He does not change his uniqueness to be just like everyone else as like Eddie, he also things that what he believes in is right. As this is a play, I will discuss that several, very effective dramatic techniques used by Miller. He has created this play which in many aspects would have shocked a number of the audience members at the time it will performed. Certain stage directions would have indicated sexually attraction or desire at that time, however when read now; it may not strike any significance. For example when Catherine lights a cigar for him Eddie or when we hear of how she sits on the bath as he shaves and walks around in her slip, we are being told about their relationship. These actions tell us that even without being lovers; they have the kind of intimacy only lovers should have. This would have been an explicit piece of evidence that there was some sort of sexual relationship between the uncle and the niece, however depending on interpretation by the actors, this moment many have more or less sexual undertones. However, this is not of much importance, but the symbolism of other parts of the play is. If we look carefully at the ending of the play, we say a lot of minute dramatic effects which have a lot of importance. Earlier in the play, we see that Eddie pays a lot of attention to the story of Vinnie Bolzano. Miller uses this technique so that the audience are certain of how much Eddie hates betrayal, and also to show us his belief in loyalty to family and community. However Eddie does exactly the opposite of what he was preaching, and this enables the audience to see how much his manliness, hostility and aggression changed him and his beliefs. When the Officers arrive, and take all four immigrants away, including two other submarines who stayed with the Laiparis, on the apartment above Eddies , Miller shows us in his stage directions that Louise barely turns then walks off and exits down right with Mike, only Beatrice is left on the stoop. This symbolises that Eddie is now alone. Lipari and his wife, Louis and Mike, the stage representatives of the wider community, one by one leave Eddie alone, symbolizing his isolation. We then see another very important dramatic technique used by Miller. Miller makes Eddie remove the knife, and this is so that now Marco can justify whatever actions follow. This makes some people feel that Miller was slightly more partial towards Marco. When Eddie lunges the knife, Marco grabs Eddies arm and turns the blade inward. However this action has more depth that what it seems to have at first. It tells us that Eddie literally dies by his own hand as his hand holds the knife, and thus he is killed by his own weapon, however it can metaphorically stand for the gradual deterioration of himself throughout the play itself. We then read that Eddie falls to his knees before Marco. This technique shows the audience that the better man won, and also shows us Marcos manliness, hostility and aggression. It symbolises the downfall of Eddies authority and power, and the rise of Marcos. In certain cases, what Miller has written and instructed can be interpreted differently depending of different factors. This is mentioned above, where Catherine light the cigar for Eddie. Another thing the Miller puts in the play is the definite variation in the way each character speaks. I will briefly go through the syntax of each character. Eddie speaks in the syntax of Red Hook, generally like most men in Brooklyn a low class neighbourhood. It is clear that he is not very well educated as he uses a lot of slang words and his the way he says words is shown by Miller, for example he says, bowin, goin, slidin, stayin and so on; instead of the full words which proves the point. Beatrice and Catherine speak almost the same syntax, but the feminine type, which in some cases is very much similar. For example Catherine says to Eddie, we wasnt goin and Beatrice uses wanna several times. This indicates the similarity to Eddies syntax. Marco speaks relatively little throughout Act One and through most of Act Two. Miller tries to show the audience that Marco finds it hard to understand and speak English as fluently as Rodolpho. He may be insinuating the difference in intelligence between the two brothers one who is very similar to Eddie. Marco speaks very simply, but says what he wants to say straightforwardly this represents his general character as throughout the play we do not see he speak a lot but we understand his character just as well as the others. His English language is very basic but understandable which backs up the point that Marco is thoughtful, and that he is a man of action, rather than words. Rodolpho on the other hand speaks unnatural exactness. He uses a variety of words and all his words are English but the phrases are not always idiomatic. This is shown to the audience when he first recalls vivid details of his life in Sicily. He describes them with accurate words which give us the impression that he is well-educated. In some cases he also gives poetic comparisons, sown when he compares Catherine to a little bird that has not been allowed to fly. Alfieri is the only character in the play that we see speaks in formal American-English. This is probably as Miller has included him in the play as he said that he wanted to make this play a modern equivalent of classical Greek tragedy. If we look at ancient plays, an essential part or it was that of the chorus. These were a group of figures who would watch the action, comment on it, and address the audience directly. This is basically what Alfieri does. He introduces the action as a retelling of events already in the recent past. By giving details of place, date or time, he enables the action to move swiftly from one episode to another, without the characters having to give this information. This makes the play run much ore smoothly, and more effectively and if for some reason the audience did not understand what had just happened, Alfieri gives a summary at the end of each act. This is how Miller uses Alfieris American-English to help in the play, and it also shows us what role he had, apart from being a Lawyer.

Social Problem In Jakarta

Social Problem In Jakarta Nowadays in Jakarta, there are many problems that trouble the civilians in Jakarta. Since Jakarta is the Central of Indonesia and have the biggest population, we must care and protect each other because we are living in the same city. Many factors which cause damages in all areas, these problems are high level of pollution which makes the environment dirty and spread out some dangerous diseases. The next problem that sometime causes death is poverty because the poor people who cannot afford to buy some food are forced to starve to death, or maybe they couldnt get medication for their sickness. These problems interest me to observe and study about these things. I would like to help make Jakarta, a better place for the citizens of Jakarta itself. There are a lot of problems are happening here in Jakarta, like flood, poverty, etc. These problems create a bad image in the world; moreover the problems are caused by us. We cant deny that all these problems are difficult to solve. Everyone should work together, and to realize the urgent need them. The government should issue strict rules and regulations, and to fully bind them, so that it wont be easy to broke Poverty The Poverty rate in Jakarta is very high. Poor people scattered in many places. The number of the population in Jakarta is way too high compared to job vacancy or job opportunities. This lack of job vacancy causes unemployment to rise beyond prediction. The unemployment causes difficulty for the people to raise their living. Some of them are lazy to work, but the rest of them still want to work. The people who want to work, some of them dont have the chance because the problem in their education level. Maybe their parents dont have enough money to send them to school. This lack of education could cause many troubles. Starts from crime, some of them are depressed because they cant have a job, they might steal from the other, and furthermore they would kill the person to get money if it is necessary. But not all thieves are poor people and lowly educated person, but some are lazy and want to make money faster in the wrong way. These thieves wouldnt be tolerated in the society because these law breakers risk other peoples lives. These thieves become thief not because of their own will, some of them HAVE to be thief to live their life, they cannot think of any other way to get money in the right ways. They are too depressed and cant even think about it. Next its about beggar, too many beggar in Jakarta, they are countless. In each traffic light you will see them, and maybe you will get shocked because most of them live in the traffic sidewalk, not one, but the whole family live in there, can you imagine that? The worst thing in there is that there are some ungrateful parents send their son or daughter to be beggars. And there are people which collect the children by renting them and make the children work for them, being a beggar in the street. And if they cannot make money, these people who rent these children will give punishments to them. These punishments are harsh ones, such as slapping, punching, kicking, and even break their leg or hand in order to attract the sympathy of the people, so that these people would give money to them. However, whatever type of begging is not good, because people could find work if they really desire it. And the last is about people who are dying, they cannot get money for themselves, maybe some of them have to search foods in garbage dump, which possibly contains various kinds of diseases. They cannot buy medicine to recover themselves, once they are contaminated by these diseases. And they just wait about the death time. Some people are suffering and they died because of it. We know the government have started to find the solution and they have started to move. They have to make regulations about these problems in Jakarta, about people whose caught do crime will be send to the jail and must pay some value of money, about the beggar and place them in one place to take care of them, and about the children who dont have parents, those poor people too. The government should take care about them. The poverty in Jakarta is very easily noticed, those beggar in the street. They appear in nearly each and every sections of Jakarta. The fact that we are rich, but we cant protect whats rightfully ours. Like those islands claimed by the other nation, not to mention our sea territories, if only the government works harder, we wont have lost those territories. Our country is not supposed to side with the businessman, our nation fund the companies which as an equity already. When this occurs, a huge amount of money is spent for nothing, and some of them simply go to corruptors pocket. Our country is supposed to facilitate the poor-middle economic class society, so that they can live up, and improve their living Facilitating the poor-middle economy class society is a key to our success, if we could send these people to start a new life in those island which stolen already, the other nation wouldnt have disturb our complete nation. This solution can hardly be treated as a project, this solution is not meant to isolate the poor, but to give them chance of a new life. If the economy of Indonesia is strong, there is no doubt that we are secured and no other countries would dare to disturb us or to steal anything from us Corruption In the dictionary there are six definitions of Corruption. There are: Lack of integrity or honesty (especially susceptibility to bribery); use of a position of trust for dishonest gain in a state of progressive putrefaction Decay of matter (as by rot or oxidation) Moral perversion; impairment of virtue and moral principles Destroying someones (or some groups) honesty or loyalty; undermining moral integrity Inducement (as of a public official) by improper means (as bribery) to violate duty (as by committing a felony) The word corruption is fairly common here in Indonesia, particularly in the government of Indonesia. We can define Corruption as taking something from someone which doesnt belong to you. It is not exactly stealing; the difference is that Corruption is not always known or visible. The person who steals is called thief and who corrupts are called corruptor. The act of the thief like stole money from the bank, hijacking, etc. thats an open crime and we can see it. Its different from corruptor they not like thief. The acts are different. For example: their boss gives them $100 to deliver to the hospital. But they allocate or take some of them, for instance $10; maybe not all knows because they take the money hidden or invisible. Most of the person who are doing corruption that they have given the trust from their boss or the other so they can do things like that. In Jakarta the word Corruption is familiar to most of the people; they know that Corruptions happened everywhere, by everyone, in everything. For instance, you father give you 100.000 to buy one pair of shoes, and that shoes cost for 50.000. You must return 50.000 to your father but you just return 25.000 and you say that the cost of the shoes is 75.000 because you want spend the other 25.000 for the other things. That is the simple example of corruption which happened in here, for simple things, and for little amount of money. Those things happened in the government too. The differences are the size of the corruption with huge amount of money. Thats why KPK (Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi) is created. The KPK itself have their own problem. Sometimes they work very well, but sometimes not. I dont know why the people who do Corruption in the Government do Corruption. I thought they have good salary, but why they still do Corruption. Are their salaries not enough for them? I never see th e governmental people lack of money. Maybe this is because their nature. Human never satisfied of everything. They have got high salary, but they still want get money, in the wrong way. Why they dont think to invest their money to business, and whatever in the right way. The people in the government must concern about the society. The society chooses them to be government official. And they should work to help the society. But how if they still doing Corruption, that will make disadvantages for the society. They must change their own way of thinking. The connection between Corruption and the fifth Principle As we know, corrupt mean taking something which not belong to you and disadvantages the other people. The fifth principle (Social Justice in Indonesia) is against the corruption. Just say about the governmental corruptor. They take something that making disadvantages to the society. They took money which not belongs to them. They dont care about that. They just need money. That is against the fifth principle. There isnt justice in there. They can do that corruption because their job in the governmental, the missing their job. They have job in government so they got more chance to do corruption. It is not very good. They dont even thinking about the people who doesnt have anything. Cant afford food for them. I think the peoples who work in governmental is have education background and have studied about Pancasila, so they must know about that, about do corrupt is not good, but still they do corruption. How if they still like that? They not are being a good example for the society. They didnt want to improve the Indonesia. They dont care about that. Too selfish and just think about the ir own needs. Traffic Jam Next about Traffic Jam. Traffic jam happened in many places in Jakarta. Particularly in the morning, when the student and the worker go to their school and office. The traffic jam happened because too many private car in Jakarta. I think the government should take care about it, they must control it. They can look from the other countries. Making the tax of the Vehicle high. So less people will use private car. In our transportation system, the problem is not only too many cars, the problems are the maintenance of the traffic light, the government is very unconcerned about his problem, if one is broken, itll take more than a month for the government to deal with it. The traffic jam is not governments responsibility; its all of the civilians responsibility Pollution Next is about pollution, about air pollution. Many things that causes air pollution. Start from the factories, the waste disposal. The waste is smoke, black smoke. Next from the vehicle. Many cars in Jakarta are not use properly. I mean the Car is supposed to use just for 5 years but they use it more. And they car which not take care by the owners. They didnt change the oil, did not tune-up the car. That can cause air pollution. Those cars will produce black smokes The car producers dont concern about the environmental balance, they only concern income, interest, revenue, and anything connected with money, in short economic factor. We are not blaming the car producer; this case isnt problem for them. However the government should concern about this, by rising private car tax, so that the producer would reduce their productivity. There are two things we should do; the first thing is not to extent the licenses of old cars, because old cars used to make more pollution compared to the new ones. This method is going to be applied by the government. The second method which is to help the consumer to regenerate their cars is going to be done by the producer itself Dangerous Waste The household waste which is simply thrown to the river is a problem, however its not so dangerous compared to the factorys waste, if the factorys waste is thrown to the river, the river might be poisonous, same thing goes for the hospital waste. There are a lot of reports of these threatening waste, but the government remains immobile The waste from the hospital is most dangerous, because its from there the deadly viruses flow to the rivers, rivers in which poor people used for bath, drink, and to wash dishes and clothes. These waste supposed to be allocated in the right way, if this pollution keeps happening, it will kill more people. Disease Because pollution happened everywhere, there is a big chance that it will cause diseases, mainly breathing diseases, such as TBC, which is one of the most deadly diseases. This pollution also caused the pollution of the water, it can also infect the land, so that, the land will became dysfunctional. Global Warming Global Warming happens because of the dangerous smoke which is mainly produced by factory and vehicles, especially cars and motorcycles. These gases are more than capable to destruct the ozone layers. Moreover these gases can cause diseases, mostly breathing problem, like cough, or lung failure. The ozone layer is very important because it is protecting us from the ultraviolet ray produced by the sun. Which means the earth is getting warm each and every second. The warming of the earth affects the ices in both poles, they melt faster than predicted, which means the sea level will increase drastically, the whole world is going to drown. Less Planting This lack of green planting reduces the green areas in the city which is the heart of the city. Because plants inhale CO2, which is a polluted gas, in the afternoon, and exhales oxygen, which is the gas we are breathing with, in the night. These plants are also able to absorb water to prevent flood. Flood (No Respiration Area) Because we lack of plants and trees causes lack of respiration are, so when its raining, there is no respiration, if the rain is getting harder, it may causes flood, which inflict great damages and loss everywhere and in every sector Too Many Rubbish Rubbish is one of the biggest problems in Jakarta. There are not enough spaces for the overflowing rubbish. What is worse is that the citizen of Jakarta doesnt realize the importance to keep the environment clean. People simply throw their rubbish anywhere, anytime, which will mess everything up. We should educate our children not to litter everywhere they like, they should put the trash into the trash bin. Littering properly is a must, in order to prevent flood and unhealthy environment. Because the environment is dirty, diseases are likely to spread. We cant deny that the trash wasted by the citizen of Indonesia is too much, what makes it even messier is the insufficient space to gather the trash. In order to solve this space problem, we have two solutions; the first is to burn all the trash, or to recycle them. However several parties have wrongly used the term recycle to their own advantages. For example, they recycle safety rubber into a chopstick cover. This is of course an unh ealthy thing to do, the viruses and bacteria from the condom would spread. Government should help and supervise the process of recycling, so that no one would break the law, and corrupt the environment. Especially for those who unaware of the environment. Clean Water Clean Water citizen of DKI Jakarta, will continuing to need clean water, in order to fulfill the needs of drinking and cooking. The clean water which supplied by PAM Jaya is not enough because there are some problems; In the south of Jakarta still need clean water seller to supply to the citizen which lack of water to drink and to cook. In the rain times, my central city Jakarta and the other places seems to have much water. More if the flood came, the water seen in everywhere. The rivers full of water. But, there question about that: Can that water be consumed by the people; because, according to the experts, the water in the river or water from the flood had been contaminated many kinds of bacteria. Water of the river in the central city has been proved full of Koli bactery that came from feces. Millions people of Jakarta and near Jakarta daily have a bad behavior to throw the garbage or Pee and Poo in the rivers. There are thirteen rivers that come from the north of Jakarta bearing viruses, and many other dangerous substances. The river is wrongly used as a garbage dump. Conclusion The conclusion is we and all the people expect no one must make awareness for them to build and make a good behavior to not litter, etc. And be social and dont be too selfish to just care about yourselves. Because human is social creature that need the others to live and to fulfill the needs. Care about the others too. Care about yours environment. Care about your Country. Care about your City. Care about Jakarta.

Experiment to Explore the Rate of Fermentation

Experiment to Explore the Rate of Fermentation Biology: Respiration, fermentation GLX setup file: grape juice.glx Qty Equipment and Materials Part Number 1 PASPORT Xplorer GLX PS-2002 1 PASPORT CO2 Gas Sensor PS-2110 1 PASPORT Extension Cable PS-2500 1 PASPORT Fast-Response Temperature Probe (included with GLX) PS-2135 1 Sampling Bottle (included with sensor) 1 Balance SE-8723 1 Beaker, 1 L SE-7288 1 Beaker. 250 mL 1 Graduated Cylinder SE-7289 1 Hot Plate SE-8767 1 Magnetic stirrer with stir bar 5 mL Mineral oil 1 Pipette 1 g Sodium fluoride, solid 1 pkg. Yeast, dry 1 L Water 1 Weighing paper Purpose The purpose of the activity is to explore the rate of fermentation. Measure the production of carbon dioxide gas in a sampling bottle containing yeast and grape juice and then measure the gas production when a chemical inhibitor is added to the grape juice/yeast mixture. Background All organisms require a source of energy to maintain cell physiology and growth. Cellular respiration is the process utilized to oxidize food molecules and release the energy to fuel life processes. There are two types of cellular respiration aerobic and anaerobic and both begin with glycolysis. Glycolysis is a biochemical process utilized by most microorganisms (yeast, bacteria) and higher animals to convert glucose to pyruvate and adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Prior to glycolysis, enzymes break down starch into complex sugars (such as sucrose) and then simple sugars (such as fructose and glucose). During glycolysis, the glucose breaks down into pyruvate. Animal cells and some unicellular organisms convert the pyruvate to lactic acid (lactic acid fermentation). Some plant cells and unicellular organisms convert the pyruvate to ethanol and carbon dioxide gas (alcoholic fermentation). Yeasts are versatile organisms. Unlike most other organisms that obtain their cellular energy either through aerobic respiration (requiring gaseous oxygen) or through anaerobic respiration fermentation (requiring the absence of oxygen), yeast cells respire in either condition, depending upon the availability of gaseous oxygen. During fermentation, enzymes break down complex carbohydrates into simpler ones. The loss of structural integrity, which can result from changes in pH or high temperatures, usually leads to a loss of enzyme activity. In this activity, the yeast cells use fermentation(also known as anaerobic respiration) to transform the sugars in grape juice into carbon dioxide gas, ATP molecules, and ethanol. Pre-lab Questions Measure carbon dioxide gas production during the metabolism of yeast in grape juice. How would a chemical inhibitor that stops enzyme actions affect the carbon dioxide gas production? How would a change in temperature (either very cold or very hot) affect the carbon dioxide gas production? How will the gas production change over time? Safety Precautions Follow all directions for using the equipment. Wear protective gear (e.g., safety goggles, gloves, apron). Procedure Yeast and Grape Juice Preparation   Ã‚   Connect a Fast-Response Temperature Probe (included with the GLX) into Port 1 on the left side of the Xplorer GLX. The Graph Screen will automatically open with Temperature (ËÅ ¡C) versus Time (s). Press the Home key () to go to the Home Screen. Select Digits and press the Activate key (). Pour 450 mL of grape juice into a beaker. Put the end of the temperature probe into the juice. Press the Start key () on the GLX so you can watch the temperature of the grape juice. Place the beaker on a hot plate and slowly warm the juice to a temperature of 30 to 35à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ °C (yeast will die above 40 °C). When the temperature is between 30 and 35 °C, adjust the hot plate so the grape juice remains warm, but does not get any hotter. While the juice is warming, add 100 mL of warm tap water to another beaker. [Remember to keep the temperature below 40à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ °C use the temperature probe to make sure.] Add a package of dry yeast to the beaker and stir well. The yeast will become active in 15 to 20 min. GLX Setup Stop recording temperature data. Remove the Fast-Response Temperature Probe from the GLX. Connect a PASPORT Extension Cable into Port 1 on the top of the Xplorer GLX. Connect the other end of the Extension Cable to the PASPORT CO2 Sensor. The Graph Screen will automatically open with CO2 Concentration (ppm) versus Time (s). Open the GLX setup file labeled grape juice.glx (check the appendix at the end of this activity). The file is set to record data once per second. Sensor Calibration (Optional) See the appendix at the end of this activity. Equipment Setup Transfer 150 ml of warmed grape juice to the sampling bottle. Add a stir bar. Mix the yeast suspension well and add 10 mL to the juice. Use a dropper to add a layer of mineral oil to the surface of the grape juice/yeast mixture so the yeast will have anaerobic conditions. Put the end of the CO2 Gas Sensor into the sampling bottle loosely. (You do not want gas pressure to build up too high in the sampling bottle.) Do not push the rubber stopper down into the end of the sampling bottle. Note: Avoid bumping the CO2 Gas Sensor during data collection because it may record erratically. Put the sampling bottle on the magnetic stirrer. Turn on the stirrer. Record Data: Grape Juice and Yeast Press the Start key on the GLX. Record data for 30 minutes and then stop. Carefully remove the CO2 Gas Sensor from the sampling bottle. Dispose of the contents as directed and rinse the inside of the bottle. Record Data: Grape Juice, Yeast, and Inhibitor Transfer another 150 mL of warm grape juice to the sampling bottle and add 1.0 g of sodium fluoride. Stir the yeast suspension again and add 10 mL to the grape juice. Add a layer of mineral oil on top of the grape juice as before. Return the CO2 Gas Sensor to the sampling bottle so that the rubber stopper rests loosely in the end of the bottle. Press the Start key on the GLX, record data for 30 minutes and then stop. Carefully remove the CO2 Gas Sensor from the sampling bottle. Dispose of the contents as directed and rinse the inside of the bottle. Record Data: Warm Grape Juice and Yeast Disconnect the CO2 Gas Sensor and reconnect the Fast-Response Temperature Probe. Select Digits as before and put the end of the probe in the remaining grape juice. Use the hot plate to warm the grape juice to between 45 and 50ËÅ ¡C. Transfer the warmed grape juice to the sampling bottle. Stir the yeast suspension again and add 10 mL to the warmed grape juice. Add a layer of mineral oil on top of the grape juice as before. Disconnect the temperature probe and re-connect the CO2 Gas Sensor. Return the CO2 Gas Sensor to the sampling bottle so that the rubber stopper rests loosely in the end of the bottle. Press the Start key on the GLX, record data for 30 minutes and then stop. Carefully remove the CO2 Gas Sensor from the sampling bottle. Dispose of the contents as directed and rinse the inside of the bottle. How do your results compare with others in your class? Analysis Draw a sketch of your CO2 concentration versus time graph as requested in the Lab Report section. Use your recorded data to find the change in CO2 concentration for the grape juice and yeast, the grape juice, yeast, and inhibitor, and the warmed grape juice (optional). In the Graph Screen, press F3 to open the Tools menu. Select Statistics and press Activate. The Statistics show the minimum and maximum values. Calculate the rate of change of CO2 concentration versus time, or the ratio of CO2 concentration (in ppm) divided by the time (in minutes), for each run of data. Record your results in the Lab Report. Appendix: To open a specific GLX file, go to the Home Screen (press ). In the Home Screen, select Data Files and press the Activate () key. Use the cursor keys to navigate to the file you want. Press F1 () to open the file. Optional: To calibrate the PS-2110 CO2 Gas Sensor, see the instructions provided by the instructor. Name ________________________________ Date ___________ Pre-Lab Questions Measure carbon dioxide gas production during the metabolism of yeast in grape juice. How would a chemical inhibitor that stops enzyme actions affect the carbon dioxide gas production? How would a change in temperature (either very cold or very hot) affect the carbon dioxide gas production? How will the gas production change over time? Data Make a sketch of one run of CO2 concentration versus time, including labels for the y- and x-axes. Data Table Run Initial CO2 (ppm) Final CO2 (ppm) Total time (min) CO2 production (ppm/min) Grape juice + yeast Grape juice, yeast, inhibitor Warm grape juice + yeast Questions What is the overall rate of CO2 production for grape juice and yeast and how does it change over time? How does the rate of CO2 production for grape juice, yeast, and the chemical inhibitor compare to the rate for the grape juice and yeast alone? How does the rate of CO2 production for the heated grape juice and yeast compare to the rate for the grape juice and yeast? What can you conclude about the affect of the chemical inhibitor on the yeast suspension? What can you conclude about the affect high temperature on the yeast suspension?  

Child Trafficking Essay -- Legal Issues, Sexual Exploitation, Forced L

Child Trafficking â€Å"The global market of child trafficking is at over $12 billion a year with over 2 million child victims† (â€Å"Stop Child Trafficking Now† 1). This statement from the article â€Å"Stop Child Trafficking Now† describes how serious this crisis is nationwide. Child labor, illegal adoptions and child prostitution are the three forms child trafficking typically exists as (â€Å"Riverkids Project† 1). There has been a rising number of Cambodian children being trafficked for sexual exploitation and forced labor because of poverty, unemployment and lack of education; however organizations such as the Coordinated Mekong Ministerial Initiative Against Trafficking (COMMIT) are trying to raise awareness of this crisis. There is a rising number of Cambodian children being trafficked for sexual exploitation and forced labor. Human trafficking is a major crisis that is rapidly growing, affecting many young women of Cambodia. In just one year the number of young women involved in prostitution grew from 6,000 to 20,000 trafficking victims (â€Å"No Trafficking† 3). In 2006 it was estimated 30,000 Cambodian children had been exploited in the sex trade (â€Å"Global Crime Case: The Modern Slave Trade† 1). Studies have shown although not all sex workers are human trafficking victims 1 in 5 women and girls working in brothels have been trafficked (â€Å"SSF Cambodia† 1). It is estimated 50 percent of Cambodia’s population comprises children younger than 15 years of age (â€Å"No Trafficking† 4). End Child Prostitution, Child Pornography and the Trafficking of Children for Sexual Purposes (ECPAT) reports as many as one third of the trafficking victims in prostitution are children (â€Å"Human Trafficking† 2). There are around 158 million children aged 5-14 engaged i... ...n Trafficking Data Sheet† 2). There are many organizations within the nation that are gaining awareness for child trafficking. Child trafficking is a rapidly growing crisis forcing young women of Cambodia into sexual exploitation and child labor. This issue is cause by many factors including the lack of education and high levels of poverty; however, there are many organizations such as the Somaly Mam foundation trying to gain awareness of this crisis. Citizens of the United States can help bring awareness to child trafficking by teaching young women of this issue. As stated by the article â€Å"Child Labor-Killing the Age of Innocence,† â€Å"Thus, one should be careful when saying that the future of the country lies in the hands of children, for the very hands holding the key to growth are clamped down in the innocence phase† (â€Å"Child Labor-Killing the Age of Innocence† 2)

Antigone †The First Feminist Essay -- Antigone Essays

Antigone – The First Feminist How old is feminism, and who was the first feminist? Although no one can say for sure the exact date on which the feminist movement started, most of it is attributed to the past two centuries. However, women who are feminists have been around much longer. In Sophocles’s Antigone, the main character (Antigone) acts as a protofeminist by defying the authority of a patriarchal society and taking action according to what she believes is right in her heart. She even shows some characteristics of a modern feminist. Feminists today are viewed as raging, man-hating bitches, but feminism in its true sense simply advocates women’s rights. While there are extremes on either side of the scale, most feminists fight for equality among the sexes rather than dominance of one over the other. Antigone can be considered a feminist because she challenges the â€Å"men-make-the-rules-and-women-follow-them-unquestioningly† mentality of the society she lives in. Antigone’s character is indeed among the first to stand up for women in a society that has remained patriarcha...

The No child Left Behind Statute

The â€Å"No child Left Behind† statute introduced by President Bush and passed by the congress has created a number of problems for the educational programs intended for adolescents in elementary and secondary schools. The financial situation of the elementary and secondary schools is extremely poor because the states governments have been eliminating vital elementary educational programs. The school administrations have been reluctant to provide extended courses to the students. Furthermore, the textbooks are not being printed consistently, making not only the students but also the teachers extremely vulnerable and helpless. The funding disparity has also created huge gaps between the education being provided to the children belonging to the rich families and those belonging to the poor ones. The shortcomings and the rhetoric behind â€Å"No child left behind† act needs to be exposed so that effective measures can be taken to curtail the damage (Susan, 2003). The consistent lack of attention being given to elementary and secondary education, particularly to adolescent literacy is posing a grave threat to the future of the American education system. The purpose of this thesis is to reveal the shortcomings of â€Å"No child left behind† law by first understanding the basic details of the act related to adolescent literacy programs and then persuasively assessing the loopholes in it. Lastly, the thesis gives carefully crafted recommendations aimed at not only the federal and state governments but also the school districts, parents and the educators. The aim is to create an understanding of the present and future needs for those educational programs that are aimed at adolescents and identifying the present gaps in the federal educational law. The American value of education emphasizes that all children, regardless of their gender, religion ethnicity should be able to acquire the basic skills of education and then carry those basic skills through to the elementary, secondary and high level education. Unfortunately, research has shown that the reality of the present education system is on the contrary. In a recent study, conducted by â€Å"National Assessment of Educational Progress† (NAEP, 2002), it has been noted that as much as 26% of the students are unable to read their textbooks fluently and almost half cannot comprehend the meaning of the text (Michael F. Hock and Donald D. Deshler, 2003). It is worth noting that the legislators and government officials realize the gravity of the situation but have been unable to cope with it. If nearly half of the students in the elementary schools are unable to effectively read their course books, then, these students will find higher education very difficult. The â€Å"No Child Left Behind† act has made things even more difficult because the focus has been on a long-term solution, whereas, it is imperative that the needs of the present generations are addressed immediately. This is because millions of students will be unable to cope with the demands of the future workplace needs if their basic educative skills are not enhanced at the right time (Michael F. Hock and Donald D. Deshler, 2003). The challenge for the present legislators, teachers, parents and school administrations is to counter the threat of adolescent illiteracy by introducing effective programs, backed by appropriate amount of government funds. The difficultly lies in the ineffectiveness of the present educational law to cater the needs of adolescents as the most problematical educational dilemma to deal with has been the deficiency in the reading, writing and speaking skills of adolescents. The present educational and political leadership need to create and implement productive adolescent educational programs, which are feasible in the present schooling environment (Michael F. Hock and Donald D. Deshler, 2003). Dough Mesecar, who is currently a senior policy adviser to the secretary of Education, while giving his comments on the present status of the NCLB act asserts in an interview, â€Å"The achievement scores are up, and we're very pleased to see both the achievement gap starting to close, kids are learning more, a very positive report in the sense that the Center for Education Policy report is a self-survey, so these are states and districts reporting on their own to the center that their scores are up, achievement gaps are closing. So we feel very positive that this is yet another report showing the trends are definitely heading in a positive direction. † Contrary to the above statement, many experts believe that the â€Å"No Child Left Behind† act presents a grave threat to the American values. But, before revealing the shortcomings of the â€Å"No Child Left Behind† law, it is imperative that the basic features of the law that are related to elementary education are clearly understood. It is important to note that at least four areas of the act have been considered to have severe repercussions on the adolescent literacy. These four features are as follows: The â€Å"No child left behind† (NCLB) act encourages superior standards. The law makes it imperative that those schools, which are being supported by the government through funds, align their endeavors with the standards set by the local state. Furthermore, the law makes it imperative for these schools to employ only skilled and qualified workforce and only work on evidence-founded programs that are time-oriented and result-oriented. It is believed that these measures will enhance the level of education because it will not only minimize the inadequacy of unqualified teachers but also enhance learning as only scientifically verified teaching initiatives will be offered to the adolescents (Jim Donlevy, 2002). The law asserts that the annual progress of all the schools will be noted in relation to the competence achieved by the students in subjects such as mathematics and science, and in skills such as reading, writing and speaking. Standardized procedures and methods will be drafted to evaluate the progress of each district, school, as well as every group within each school. It is important to note that these â€Å"assessments† have put a great deal of added stress on all elementary schools because they have to align their educational endeavors within the parameters of elementary education set by the state (Jim Donlevy, 2002). The NCLB act has set very high standards for elementary schools all over America. If a particular school fails to meet the standards of the state for 2 successive years then that particular school will have to craft counteractive programs. Should the school fail to meet the State†s requirements for the 3RD consecutive year, tougher measures will be introduced, which may include replacements in the school workforce, complete modification of the school syllabus and maybe even state takeover (Jim Donlevy, 2002). The law allows parents to send their children to a school located in another district should their present school fail to meet the standards set by the State. The cost for this transfer of school along with the daily cost of transportation will be met by the local government. Furthermore, if the students attending these low-performing schools need home-tutoring or any other measure to augment their children†s achievements, then the local government will provide funds for those measures as well. The primary objective of the NCLB law is to enhance the possibility of success in elementary education for all Americans. This is being done by placing specific standards and then taking effective measures to make sure that these requirements are being met (Jim Donlevy, 2002). The most severe negative outcome for the elementary schools will be that they will loose their freedom to experiment with the instructional methods. While scientifically proven methods offer a great deal of benefits to the students, the creativity and progress in discovering newer and more effective instructional methods will be lost. Furthermore, while numerous research studies about effective reading methods have been conducted, very little research exists on other educative areas, such as speaking, writing and learning. Therefore, elementary teachers and schools will be finding it very difficult to meet the standards of the State (Jim Donlevy, 2002). Another major loophole in the NCLB act is that the â€Å"counteractive measures† for schools will be extremely costly. It is important to note that the measures set forth for under-performing schools are unfeasible to implement. If the number of schools that fail to comply with the standards set by the State for 2 successive years increases substantially, then the funds required to bring the necessary changes in the workforce, syllabus and structures of the schools or a complete State takeover will be extremely difficult to manage as the funds for education are being slashed every year by the Bush Administration (Jim Donlevy, 2002). The condition laid out by the NCLP to only employ specialized, qualified and licensed teachers is posing severe problems for struggling schools. It is vital to note that those schools that have either failed to or are struggling to comply with the standards set by the local government consistently employ replacement-teachers from far-off areas and are bound to face shortages of licensed teachers. Furthermore, many experts believe that this tendency will increase in the coming years and the struggling schools will face tougher challenges to meet this condition, while those schools that have been meeting the State†s standards of initiatives have been consistently employing certified teachers. Therefore, the persistence of the NCLB act to employ only licensed and specialized teachers has made it unrealistic for low-performing schools to meet this condition (Jim Donlevy, 2002). Additional troubling features of the NCLB Act The funds allocated for the successful implementation of NCLB are not only limited but also very poorly directed. While the NCLP act lays clear emphasis and provides adequate funds for crafting accountability structures and carrying out transformations for schools that fail to comply with the Standards of the State, it fails to provide adequate funds for conducting research on equally important academic areas for adolescents† literacy, namely, educator training and constant learning, the needs and interests of adolescents and framework for educating and learning in subject areas. This misdirection of funds will further hamper the progress of low-performing schools (Mark W. Conley and Kathleen A. Hinchman, 2004). Furthermore, NCLB gives very little consideration to the framework of literacy strategies. The three areas cited in the NCLB act are alphabetic acquaintance, fluency, and comprehension strategies. While the adolescents have been able to develop the first two categories (alphabetic knowledge and fluency), they have found the last category (comprehension strategies) to be extremely difficult. This is mainly due to the fact that new frameworks for subject-contents are being developed, which create the need for the development of newer comprehension strategies. Nevertheless, several studies have asserted that NCLB mirrors very limited research on this issue and sets a very restricted standard on strategies related to the development of newer comprehension strategies (National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 2000; Snow, Burns, & Griffin, 1998; Alexander & Jetton, 2000). It is important to note that adolescents do not come prepared for the challenges they will face in their elementary and secondary education. One cannot wait for newer laws to be enacted or school reforms to be initiated. Immediate strategies have to be developed so that the present threats emerging from the NCLB act can be turned into an opportunity for all schools. The federal and local State governments should reflect on the following strategies for immediate and quick-fix actions: Firstly, recognizing those strategies that have been successfully implemented by high-performing schools and then enforcing the low-performing schools to adopt those strategies (Michael F. Hock and Donald D. Deshler, 2003). In order to present those successful strategies to low-performing schools and ensuring that they have comprehensively understood all the aspects of the strategies, the government ought to set up presentation-places to illustrate those plans and achievements (Michael F. Hock and Donald D. Deshler, 2003). Encourage programs that educate teachers on scientifically verified instructional methods. Despite the fact that confusion about the proper definition of adolescent literacy still prevails, modern research has been able to give some direction to the dilemma. These directions should be used as a framework to allocate funds for teacher training programs that have been clinically verified to be productive (Michael F. Hock and Donald D. Deshler, 2003). Increased consideration should be given to literacy instruction because no current teacher training programs inform the teachers about the difficulties they will face while dealing with the literacy instructions in their teaching careers (Michael F. Hock and Donald D. Deshler, 2003). These recommendations should be implemented with immediate affect because we are all aware that schools are very multifaceted and therefore manifold characteristics and strategies have got to be adopted (Darling-Hammond, 1997; Marzano, 2003). It is important for the government officials to note that neither the adolescents nor the teachers can be ignored because they both are the pillars for growth and development of any society (e. g. , Pressley, 2001; Strickland & Morrow, 2000; Stronge, 2002) (Margaret Taylor, 2004) The â€Å"No Child Left Behind† act can be considered to be more idealistic than realistic because while the aims are very noble, the funds required to achieve these noble aims are very limited and a number of vital issues have been ignored. The State governments have been busy in establishing high standards of achievements for all schools without making efforts to really understand the complexities of the present system and the repercussions of their policies on the schools, parents, teachers and the students. Therefore, a proper reaction to the present threats being posed by the NCLB act should be thorough, carefully directed, and all-inclusive if across-the-board transformations are desired. Lastly, endeavors to bridge the differences amid the objectives and the present capabilities have got to be the most important concern if the aim is for adolescents to productively challenge the needs of the business and the society.