Moving through levels of care in health

Moving through levels of premeditation in wellnessA Health system tummy be defined as a group of people whose primary strain is to improve the wellness or wellbeing of others (WHO, 2005). These entities could include organizations such as hospitals and other wellness c ar go that respond to the needs of the population. This essay will focus on the depend onle levels of charge Primary, Secondary and Tertiary and explore how diligents move through these one-third levels of health bring off in wise Zealand (NZ), the United Kingdom (UK) and the United States (US). The similarities and differences surrounded by these systems will be highlighted and the introductionibility of these providers will be discussed.There are three different levels of wish well in terms of Health Systems, each addressing the necessities of the patient and are organized into Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Care (Bodenheimer Grumbach, 2009). Primary bursting charge is usually the first point of con tact for many individuals and focuses on ambulatory care such as general practitioners (GPs), midwives and pharmacists. Healthcare at this level tends to be family orientated and situated around communities, treating ordinary, every daytime health problems (Alberta Physician Link, n.d.). The Secondary care level usually involves much more specialized service and is generally hospital based examples include specialized physicians like pediatrics and obstetrics (Bodenheimer Grumbach, 2009). Tertiary care typically involves specialist physicians such as cardiac surgeons and immunologists. Care at this level comprises of the treatment of uncommon and complicated diseases (Bodenheimer Grumbach, 2009). The margin between supplementary and third health care is difficult to distinguish between as enhancements in modern day technology means that surgeries that are associated with tertiary level is being introduced to local hospitals (French, Old, Healy, 2001).Patient flow through the t hree levels of Primary, Secondary and Tertiary care differs from country to country and is dependent on the countrys focus and organization. Each country operates differently in request of battle to respond to the needs of the population. Patient flow in most cases is a stepwise process and en opens efficiency in Health care systems.In New Zealand, individuals who have health problems will go directly to their GP as their first contact (French et al., 2001). The reason for this is, un slight its an accidental and emergency situation, New Zealanders can only gain approach shot to secondary and tertiary services by referrals from their GPs. GPs can be described as door keepers who hold the key to higher levels of health care (French et al., 2001). Only by pay backing this key in this case a referral, will patients in NZ be able to gain get to to secondary and tertiary care. The same situation also applies to semiprivate health sectors (French et al., 2001). If further diagnosi s is required subsequently seeing the GP, the patient will be referred to a specialist at a public hospital who will be the sole decision maker in decision making the urgency of the situation. If specialized assistance is required, the patient and their GP will be nonified within ten days and will have an appointment within half dozen months (Cumming et al., 2013). GPs taking on the fictional character as gate keepers will lead to the development of a strong patient-caregiver relationship, which eventually leads to better health outcomes (Bodenheimer Grumbach, 2009).In the United Kingdom, the British National Health Service (NHS) provides health care. The GPs here also take on the role of gatekeepers and apart from treating every day problems they also provide prevention services such as immunization to prevent diseases and vaccinations (Boyle, 2011). Similar to New Zealand, patients are unable to gain get at to secondary services unless they have a referral from their gener al practitioners (Bodenheimer Grumbach, 2009). This system differs from New Zealand in that a referral from a GP to access health care at the tertiary level is quite unusual and is usually attained by a referral from the secondary care level (Wheeler Grice, 2000). The exceptions to these regulations are accidental and emergency situations, for example, a trip to the Accidental and emergency department (AE) would not require a referral. The US health system focuses more on care at the tertiary level. This health system differs from NZ and UK in that patients are able to access secondary and tertiary levels of care without a referral (Bodenheimer Grumbach, 2009). In the US, patient flow is not as expeditious and it has become customary for individuals to approach any doctor of their choice depending on their health problems (Bodenheimer Grumbach, 2009). The many roles specialists and doctors have to undertake accentuate the huge gap in primary care. In NZ and the UK where physic ians specialize in providing health care at the secondary level, tertiary physicians in the US have to provide health care at both the primary and secondary level in order to make up for the lack of primary care providers (Bodenheimer Grumbach, 2009).Access to health care is how obtainable medical care is. There are numerous barriers to access and these include factors such as cost, transport and locations of hospitals relative to where individuals await. Each country differs in the way they attack certain barriers.The US health system focuses more on the concept of the dispersed archetype in terms of organization and is more orientated towards tertiary care (Bodenheimer Grumbach, 2009). Health insurance is a major factor that influences individuals access to healthcare. Individuals in the US have employers who assistance in the costs of health insurance. However, individuals who have employers that do not cover health insurance, have to figure out their own way to access healt h care (Bodenheimer Grumbach, 2009). More often than not, it is these individuals who do not fit the criteria for public health insurance and do not have the means to obtain private health insurance due to expensive premiums (Bodenheimer Grumbach, 2009). The number of uninsured people has been increasing and countless employers have responded to the ever-growing costs of health insurance by no longer providing it for their employees. Health insurance in the US poses as the biggest financial barrier towards access and Bodenheimer and Grumbach accentuates this point. Their findings reveal that those who are not insured receive less care, resulting in bad health consequences. The two main public health insurance companies in the US are Medicare and Medicaid. Medicaids target audience is for citizens olden 65+ and in low-income families while Medicares targets disabled individuals and residents who are 65+, under 65 year olds are funded by private insurance (The majority rule Fund, 2012). However, many physicians do not accept people with Medicaid insurance as this means they receive less payment. Compared to the individuals who are uninsured, those who are insured with Medicaid have a much more stable source of health care and access to other services. However, in contrast to the others who are privately insured, they are more plausibly to have difficulties when pursuing medical care and other prescriptions (Bodenheimer Grumbach, 2009). Numerous residents are underinsured and uninsured (The Commonwealth Fund, 2012) resulting in less people obtaining access to medical care. mass are entitled to refer themselves to any level of health care depending on their situation, resulting in a large out of pocket fee if they were uninsured. However, access to health care is incredibly beneficial for the well off individuals who are able to afford private insurance. The US health system primary focus on the tertiary level impacts access as it allows entry into any leve l of care depending on the patients choice and this is incredibly discriminatory for those who are well off, but poses as a blemish for the poor and those who cannot afford health insurance.In NZ, the health system focuses more on the regionalized model in terms of organization and is orientated towards primary health care. The Government along with the District Health Boards (DHB) and Primary Healthcare Organizations (PHO) plays a huge role in delivering health care to individuals in NZ (Gauld, 2012). There are two types of PHOs established, interim and access (Malcolm, 2004). Access PHOs subsidies 60-70% of GP costs for those in disadvantaged areas, whereas stave PHOs subsidies 30-40% of GP costs for those who are in less disadvantaged areas (Malcolm, 2004). This will enable those who live in underprivileged areas to gain access to health care, without curse about costs. Most hospital fees are unload of charge with some additional expenses depending on different situations (C umming et al., 2013), the government also subsidizes visits to the GP. This means that those who struggle financially will be more likely to access primary health care, enabling better health outcomes, especially because a referral is needed in order to access secondary and tertiary levels of care. Individuals are also able to obtain private health insurance, allowing them to receive a private appointment with a running(a) consultant before individuals who are noninsured, resulting in a reduction in wait times for surgery (Cumming et al., 2013). However, there could be a limit in choices of private providers as they are mainly situated in the main centers, limiting access for those in rural areas (Cumming et al., 2013). Large distances and small numbers of care providers make it difficult for populations in rural areas in NZ to access health care (Cumming et al., 2013). This poses as a significant barrier that limits access as those who live a great distance away have a limited amo unt of options in terms of health care. The distribution of health care services and physicians in rural areas is smaller as this life style is undesirable, reducing rural populations access to health care (Cumming et al., 2013). Access in NZ is beneficial as hospitals are situated in good geographic locations as studies reveal that 90% of individuals are able to reach a district hospital within an hour (Cumming et al., 2013). NZs focus on the primary health care level impacts access as it allows individuals whom require specialized care to gain access by referral from a GP. Compared to the US, access to health care in NZ is favorable for those who live in good geographical locations but poses as a disadvantage for those in rural areas.In the UK, the health system is similar to NZ in that its health system is structured like the regionalized Dawson model and orientated towards primary health care (Bodenheimer Grumbach, 2009). The British National Health Service (NHS) provides prima ry care and hospital services (Boyle, 2011). Most primary health care is free and is cover by the NHS, although there are some out of pocket payments that are not covered (Boyle, 2011). Free primary health care would maximize access, as those who struggle financially will still be able to seek treatment without concerns of payment. Boyles research also reveals that there has been many unnecessary trips to the AE were not considered as crucial, possible reasoning for this could be due to their inability to obtain primary health care. Waiting times in the UK poses as a kibosh to health care, with some patients waiting up to 18 months for surgeries, however, the average waiting time has now been reduced to 18 weeks (Boyle, 2011). Long waiting times reduces access which means that less people will be able to receive the care that they need in the time that they require it. These wait times couldve instigated numerous avoidable AE trips that couldve been solved by the GPs. The UK is qui te successful in terms of access as it has many after hour services including AE, NHS Direct and after hour GP services (Boyle, 2011). These services will maximize access to health care, as more people will be able to obtain the care they need in the time that they require it. The structure of the UKs health system primarily focuses on the primary level, its impact on access just like NZ, enables entry into higher levels of health care through a referral from a GP. Access in the UK is beneficial to all residents due to the free primary health care being provided along with after hour services.No health system is perfect. Every health system has certain flaws that could be improved. However, all health systems have something common, they all have a goal to provide care for those in need.

Direct Effects of Financial Repression in India

Direct Effects of Financial Repression in IndiaFINANCIAL REPRESSION (PAPER 7)Financial repression refers to the nonion that a set of g overnment regulations, laws, and other non- grocery store restrictions prevent the m one(a)tary intermediaries of an thriftiness from functioning at their full capacity (McKinnon (1973) and Shaw (1973)PAPER 1).Generally, monetary repression consists of three elements. First, the asserting system is forced to tally government bonds and money through the imposition of high reserve and liquidity ratio requirements. This allows the government to finance budget deficits at a low or zero cost. Second, given that government revenue cannot be extracted that easily from private securities, the development of private bond and equity trades is discouraged. Finally, the banking system is characterized by matter to aim ceilings to prevent competition with public sector fund raising from the private sector and to encourage low-cost investment (PAPER 1).Th e policies that ca employ monetary repression include interest calculate ceilings, liquidity ratio requirements, high bank reserve requirements, capital carrys and restrictions on market entry into the financial sector, assurance ceilings or restrictions on unionizeions of acknowledgement allocation, and government ownership or domination of banks (PAPER 7).Economists have commonly argued that financial repression prevents the efficient allocation of capital and thereby impairs economic crop. While theoreticly an economy with an efficient financial system can achieve growth and development through efficient capital allocation, McKinnon and Shaw argue that historically, many countries, including developed ones but peculiarly developing ones, have restricted competition in the financial sector with government interventions and regulations. According to their argument, a repressed financial sector discourages both salvage and investment because the order of return are lower t han what could be obtained in a competitive market. In such a system, financial intermediaries do not function at their full capacity and fail to channel saving into investment efficiently, thereby impeding the development of the overall economic system (PAPER 7).This report aims to analyse the concept of financial repression and reasons why it is seen and detrimental to economic growthexplain sections below.Rationale for and types of financial repressionThe key reason for the government to implement financially repressive policies is to control fiscal resources. By having a direct control over the financial system, the government can funnel funds to itself without going through legislative procedures and much cheaply than it could when it resorts to market financing. More specifically, by restricting the demeanour of subsisting and potential participants of the financial markets, the government can create monopoly or captivate rents for the existing banks and also measure some of these rents so as to finance its overall budget. Existing banks may try to collude with each other and to interrupt likely slackening policies as long as they are guaranteed their collective monopoly position in the domestic market.In some countries, governments require banks to meet high numbers of the reserve ratios, and use the reserves as a method to generate revenues. Since reserves earn no interest, they function as an implicit tax on banks and restrict banks from allocating a certain portion of their portfolios to productive investments and loans. If high reserve requirements are combined with interest ceilings and protective government directives for certain borrowers, savers who are unremarkably unaware of the requirement policy become the main taxpayers because they face reduced range of interest on their savings. Inflation can aggravate the reserve tax because it reduces the accepted rates of interest. so, high reserves requirements make the best use of the governments monopolistic power to generate seigniorage revenue as well as to regulate reserve requirements. A variant of this policy includes required liquidity ratios that is when banks are required to allocate a certain fraction of their cooks to holding government securities that commonly yield a return lower than could be obtained in the market.Governments often impose a ceiling on the interest rate banks can walk to relyors.Interest ceilings function in the same way as price controls, and thereby provide banks with economic rents. Like high required reserve ratios, those rents good incumbent banks and provide tax sources for the government, paid for by savers and by borrowers or would-be-borrowers. The rents borne by the interest ceiling reduce the number of loans available in the market thereby discouraging both saving and investment. In return for allowing incumbent banks to reap rents, the government often require banks to make subsidized loans to certain borrowers for the pattern of implementing industrial policy (or simply achieving political goals).Interest ceilings in high inflation countries can victimize savers because high inflation can make the real interest rates of return negative. Financial repression also takes the form of government directives for banks to allocate credit at subsidized rates to specific firms and industries to implement industrial policy. Forcing banks to allocate credit to industries that are perceived to be strategically important for industrial policy underwrites stable provision of capital rather than leaving it to decisions of magnanimous banks or to efficient securities markets. It is also more cost effective than going through the public sectors budgetary deal.Government directives and guidance sometimes include exposit orders and instructions on managerial issues of financial institutions to ensure that their behaviour and business is in line with industrial policy or other government policies. The Japane se Ministry of Finance (MOF) is a typical example of governments micromanagement of financial industry.Capital controls are restrictions on the inflows and outflows of capital and are also financially repressive policies. Despite their virtues, the use of capital controls can involve costs. Because of their uncompetitive nature, capital controls increases the cost of capital by creating financial autarky limits both domestic and foreign investors ability to diversify portfolios and helps inefficient financial institutions survive.Impacts of Financial RepressionBecause financial repression leads to inefficient allocation of capital, high costs of financial intermediation, and lower rates of return to savers, it is theoretically clear that financial repression inhibits growth (Roubini and Sala-i-Martin, 1992). The empirical findings on the effect of removing financial repression, i.e., financial liberalization on growth supports this view, but various channels through which liberaliz ation spurs growth have been evidenced.The possible negative effect of financial repression on economic growth does not automatically mean that countries should adopt a laissez-faire billet on financial development and remove all regulations and controls that create financial repression. Many developing countries that liberalized their financial markets experienced crises partly because of the immaterial shocks that financial liberalization introduces or amplifies.Financial liberalization can create short-term volatility despite its long-term gains (Kaminsky and Schmukler, 2002). Also, because of market feebleive aspections and information asymmetries, removing all public financial regulations may not yield an optimal environment for financial development. An alternative to a financially repressive administration would be a new set of regulations to ensure market competition as well as prudential regulation and supervision.ECONOMIC THOUGHTSThe literature on finance and developmen t postulates a symbiotic consanguinity betwixt the evolution of the financial system and the development of the real economy. This prediction is common to both the McKinnon-Shaw approach and the endogenous growth literature. However, while in the causality financial development determines the level of steady-state output, in the latter it is a determinant of the equilibrium rate of economic growth.In the McKinnon-Shaw literature the basis for the relationship between financial and economic development is Gurley and Shaws (1955) debt-intermediation hypothesis. In this framework an increase in financial saving relative to the level of real economic activity increases the boundary of financial intermediation and raises productive investment which, in turn, raises per-capita income. In these models nominal interest rate controls inhibit capital accumulation because they reduce the real rate of return on bank deposits, thereby discouraging financial saving. Moreover, high reserve re quirements also exert a negative influence on financial intermediation by increasing the wedge between lending and deposit rates. Under a competitive banking system this wedge is an increasing function of the rate of inflation. and then higher real interest rates encourage capital accumulation and real economic activity, largely through an increase in the result of financial intermediation.The competitive model of the banking industry are theoretically inadequate because First, in many less developed countries the banking industry is typically dominated by a small number of banks and collusive behaviour is not uncommon. Second, asymmetric information in loan markets is sufficient to generate a considerable pointedness of market power for lenders.Theoretical inadequacy relates to the implication of the assumptions of perfect competition, which leave little room for analyzing the behaviour of banks and their reactions to government interventions. Departure of the benchmark model fr om perfect competition has important implications for the way in which repressionist policies affect financial development. These effects may differ depending on the source of the departure from perfectly competitive behaviour. In the case where the departure is due to collusive behaviour, banking controls may induce banks to use non-interest-rate methods to influence the volume of bank deposits.Whenever the departure from perfect competition is due to imperfect information, the possibility of government corrective actions must be acknowledged. According to Stiglitz (1993), interest rate restrictions may be able to address moral hazard in the form of excessive risk taking by banks. Thus if one is prepared to assume that depositors perceive such restrictions as enhancing the stability of the banking system, their imposition may increase depositors willingness to hold their savings in the form of bank deposits. However, this crucially depends on how government policies are perceived b y the public, which in turn relates to the universe or otherwise of good governance.Ill perceived and/or executed policies may have the opposite effect than that predicted by the market failure paradigm. Thus the success or failure of certain policies may largely depend on the effectiveness of the institutions that implement them (World Bank (1993). The endogenous growth literature offers additional channels through which financial sector policies may affect financial development, independently of the real rate of interest. In contrast to the Courakis-Stiglitz analysis, where repressionist policies may have exacting effects, this literature typically predicts negative effects.The above analyses serve to suggest that the effects of certain types of interventionist policies as well as the channel through which they work may be different than has so far been recognized by much of the empirical literature. In particular, these policies may have direct effects on financial depth by (1 ) changing the willingness of banks to raise deposits by non-interest-rate methods, and (2) changing the willingness of savers to supply their savings to the banking system. Thus these policies can have effects over and above-and sometimes opposed with-those that are widely recognized in the literature.DATA ANALYSISWe focus on the economy of India for a variety of reasons. Besides the obvious reason that India is one of the most important developing economies in the world, it also has a rich history of varying types of repressionist policies which aids the statistical investigation. In the late 1950s the financial system of India was fairly liberal with no ceilings on interest rates and low reserve requirements. In the early 1960st he government tightened its control over the financial system by introducing lending rate controls, higher liquidity requirements, and by establishing state development banks for industry and agriculture. This process culminated in the nationalization o f the 14 largest commercial banks in 1969. Further nationalizations took place in 1980. Interest rate controls were rigidly applied from the seventies to the late 1980s to all types of loans and deposits. The term body structure of interest rates was largely dictated by the Reserve Bank. Credit planning, a formal system of directed credit introduced in 1970, increasingly cover a very large percentage of total lending. Moreover, concessionary lending rates were offered to priority sectors. The late 1980s were, however, marked by the beginning of a process of gradual liberalization of the financial system. Ceilings on lending rates began to be lifted in 1988 and were completely abolished in 1989. Finally, further relaxations on directed credit and concessionary lending rates took place in 1990 and 1992.Interestingly, the index appears to reflect quite well many of the policy shifts that occurred during the sample period. According to this index, the early 1960s appear to be character ized with gradual increases in the level of financial repression. There was some stability in the mid-1960s followed by a big jump in 1969. This behaviour coincides with developments in the 1960s which culminated with the nationalization of the largest eleven banks in 1969, which allowed the Reserve Bank of India to intensify its directed credit program and to impose controls on deposit rates. The 1970s were characterized with the gradual imposition of more controls, i .e. a lending rate floor operated during 1973 and 1974, a lending rate ceiling was imposed in 1975 and remained in operation for 13 years, and reserve requirements (PAPER 3) were raised in 1976. The early 1980s saw even more controls imposed and an intensification of the directed credit program. Once once again the gradual increase in the index follows these developments quite well. The index drops significantly in 1985, which coincides with a partial deregulation of deposit rate controls. It then rises again, reflec ting the reintroduction of deposit rate controls in 1988 and a 4% increase of reserve requirements in 1989, but drops again in 1990 when the directed credit program is relaxed. Finally, there is a small drop of the index in 1991, which coincides with further deregulations of deposit rates. (PAPER 3)RECOMMENDATION (financial liberalisation)Since the break-up of the colonial empires, many developing countries suffered from stagnant economic growth, high and persistent inflation, and external imbalances under a financially repressed regime. To cope with these difficulties economic experts had advocated what they called Financial liberalization mainly a high interest rate policy to deepen capital accumulation, hence growth with lower rates of inflation (McKinnon (1973), Shaw (1973), Kapur (1976) and Matheison (1980)). Their argument that relaxation of the institutionally determined interest rate ceilings on bank deposit rates would lead to price stabilization and long-run growth throug h capital accumulation is based on the following chronology of events (a) the higher deposit rates would cause the households to substitute away from unproductive assets (foreign currency, cash, land, commodity stocks, an so on) in favour of bank deposits (b) this in turn would raise the availability of deposits into the banking system, and would enhance the supply of bank credit to finance firms capital requirements, and (c) this upsurge in investment would cause a strong supply side effect leading to higher output and lower inflation.(paper 1)CONCLUSIONThe main finding of this paper is that the direct effects of financial repression in India were negative and quite substantial. We would, however, advise caution in generalizing from these results to other countries. It is well known that the success of economic policies largely depends on the effectiveness of the institutions that implement them, and this clearly varies from country to country (e.g., World Bank (1993)). Thus we wo uld not be surprised if future research showed- that the direct effects of financial repression in other countries (e.g., South Korea) were positive and significant.19 In fact, according to our theoretical analysis, the possibility of positive effects cannot be ruled out. Our conjecture is that repressionist policies may have positive effects whenever they are able to successfully address market failure. How-ever, market failure should encompass not only information-related imperfections but also those pertaining to the structure of the banking industry, as the latter may be equally important. Our results highlight a number of potentially fruitful avenues for further research. From a theoretical view point much work needs to be done to model financial repression in a framework where banks are more active than has so far been customarily assumed. Models where banks are able to influence the volume of their loanable funds may also be in the spirit of the modem banking literature, whic h emphasises the importance of active liability management. In such a framework it would be interesting to explore the fictitious character of market structure. A game-theoretic approach may also be taken, which could yield rich insights about the strategic aspects of financial repression. From an empirical point of view, the examination of the direct effects of financial repression in other countries is likely to be of considerable value. Furthermore, comparisons of these effects across different economies are likely to shed light on the relative effectiveness of repressionist policies, thereby providing indirect evidence on relative levels of good governance. Finally, our results suggest that there is also considerable scope for empirical studies of bank behaviour under conditions of financial repression. (PAPER 3)

How the Greek Revered Their Gods :: Ancient Greece Greek History

How the Greek revered their godsIn ancient times, the Greeks had absolute and undeniable respect for their gods. They demonstrated their perceptiveness by putting in place more rituals and celebrations to reverence the gods that they loved and feared in order to ensure harmony with them. In particular, the focus will be on the religious beliefs of the Greeks, including prayer and sacrifice, as well as on festivals and the arts, such as the ancient Olympic games and theatre. These aspects of their culture made a epochal contribution to their quality of life. Moreover, these topics will be examined in relation to the twelve Olympian gods and their associates. The ancient Greeks practiced a religion that was in effect, a build block to many ensuing pagan religions. This religion revolved around their reverence to the gods. Essentially, the Greeks hero-worshipped numerous gods, making their religion polytheistic. They believed that exercising the opportunity to learn between a wide array of gods to worship offered them a great sense of freedom that they treasured. After all, the Greeks were known for their intellectual distinction of which their means of worship played a huge part. Each city-state, or polis, thus had an affiliated god who protected and guided its residents. Within a given polis, the belief in common gods unified the people. Ultimately, the Greeks yearned for this unity and order in the universe, which is a characteristic that is non unlike that of people today. It might seem contradictory that they believed in many gods and sought organization at the same time, for larger numbers are inherently unstable. But, to the god-fearing Greeks, each god represented a different expression of life that together upheld an organized universe if each of these gods was properly appeased. To satisfy these gods, the Greeks participated in activities such as prayer and sacrifice and erected divine temples and centers for oracles in sinlessness of specific g ods. There is evidence of this institutionalization early on in the reign of the Olympian gods, thus forming the Olympian religion. The Olympian religion lacked the presence of true sentimentality, and the gods were not seen as forgiving or flawless as the Christian God is often portrayed. The Greek gods were portrayed as humans, which meant that they were not perfect. That is, the gods made mistakes, felt painful sensation (e.g. Aphrodite in love with the mortal Adonis), and succumbed to anger and their tempers (e.

Social and Moral Values in Relation to the Downfall of Jay Gatsby in The Great Gatsby :: essays research papers

The bulky Gatsby is social satire commentary of America which reveals its collapse from a nation of infinite hope and opportunity to a seat of moral destitution and corruption during the Jazz Age. It concentrates on people of a certain class, time and place, the individual attitudes of those people and their inner desires which cause engagement to the courtly values, defined by the decree they live in. Gatsby is unwilling to combine his desires with the moral values of society and instead made his money in under toped schemes, sinful activities, and by hurting many people to achieve the illusion of his perfect dream.Gatsby downfall came when he sacrificed his morality to attain wealthiness. Gatsby realises that the illusion of his dream with Daisy, demands wealth to fashion priority, and thus wealth becomes the desire overriding his need for her Daisys love. Gatsby claims to others that he has inherited his wealth, but Nick discovers his parents were shiftless and unsuccessfu l farm people (Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby, pg 104) and that Gatsby has be about his past. In a society that relies on luxuries, Gatsby throws parties to attract Daisys attention. Also, Gatsby expresses that same need to keep busy, just as Daisy does, in a society of the elite. Nick describes Gatsby as never quite still, there was always a tapping foot somewhere or the impatient opening and closing of a hand (Fitzgerald, pg 68). Gatsby fills his house full of interesting people...who do interesting things (Fitzgerald, pg 96). Gatsbys dream is doomed to failure in that he has lost the fundamental necessities to experience love, such as honesty and moral integrity. Gatsby hasnt just lost his morals but also his sense of family because he has created such an elaborate illusion. Catherine scrutinizes the couples of the story, Neither of them atomic number 50 al-Qaeda the person theyre married to (Fitzgerald pg 37). The marriage had become very weak when Daisy had told Gatsby that s he loved him, and Tom Buchanan saw. He was astounded (Fitzgerald, pg 125). More than his morals, Gatsby loses all sense of family, his wealth has metaphorically become it. He relies on his money rather than a family to bring comfort and security to his life. Gatsby takes advantage of his wealth to replace his deteriorated spirit and emotions. As a result of shallow family relationships, all love for that matter becomes based on social status.Social and Moral Values in Relation to the Downfall of Jay Gatsby in The Great Gatsby essays research papersThe Great Gatsby is social satire commentary of America which reveals its collapse from a nation of infinite hope and opportunity to a place of moral destitution and corruption during the Jazz Age. It concentrates on people of a certain class, time and place, the individual attitudes of those people and their inner desires which cause conflict to the conventional values, defined by the society they live in. Gatsby is unwilling to comb ine his desires with the moral values of society and instead made his money in underhand schemes, illegal activities, and by hurting many people to achieve the illusion of his perfect dream.Gatsby downfall came when he sacrificed his morality to attain wealth. Gatsby realises that the illusion of his dream with Daisy, demands wealth to become priority, and thus wealth becomes the desire overriding his need for her Daisys love. Gatsby claims to others that he has inherited his wealth, but Nick discovers his parents were shiftless and unsuccessful farm people (Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby, pg 104) and that Gatsby has lied about his past. In a society that relies on luxuries, Gatsby throws parties to attract Daisys attention. Also, Gatsby expresses that same need to keep busy, just as Daisy does, in a society of the elite. Nick describes Gatsby as never quite still, there was always a tapping foot somewhere or the impatient opening and closing of a hand (Fitzgerald, pg 68). Gatsby fill s his house full of interesting people...who do interesting things (Fitzgerald, pg 96). Gatsbys dream is doomed to failure in that he has lost the fundamental necessities to experience love, such as honesty and moral integrity. Gatsby hasnt just lost his morals but also his sense of family because he has created such an elaborate illusion. Catherine scrutinizes the couples of the story, Neither of them can stand the person theyre married to (Fitzgerald pg 37). The marriage had become very weak when Daisy had told Gatsby that she loved him, and Tom Buchanan saw. He was astounded (Fitzgerald, pg 125). More than his morals, Gatsby loses all sense of family, his wealth has metaphorically become it. He relies on his money rather than a family to bring comfort and security to his life. Gatsby takes advantage of his wealth to replace his deteriorated spirit and emotions. As a result of shallow family relationships, all love for that matter becomes based on social status.

Reconciling Religious and Scientific Perspectives of Creation Essay

Reconciling Religious and Scientific Perspectives of Creation In the beginning was the well-favoured bang,i writes John Polkinghorne, a physicist turned theologian. As the reader follows through and through the remainder of his cosmic creation tier, the reader is intrigued at how mystical and religious the story sounds. The quadriceps femoris boiled, in the rapid expansion of the inflation era, blowing the universe apart with incredible rapidity in the much less than 10-30 seconds that it lasted. . . . The world suddenly became transparent and a universal sea of radiation was left to continue cooling on its own . . .ii Then, the story unfolds to tell of the creation of hydrogen and helium and the creation of stars. The final stage of stars follow, which in turn gives rise to conditions that are favorable for the formation of life.iii Though seemingly mystical, the story of the cosmic creation is also the epitome of logic. As we rewind the story of creation, we see a definite causal link between one event and another. Why do we have life? Because we have carbon. Why do we have carbon? Because of the chemical reaction in stars. Why do we have the chemical reactions in stars? Because . . . and this chain will continue, explaining one phenomenon as an personnel of another. The story is in fact the triumph of human reason. However, if we rewind the story long enough, we find ourselves reaching a dead end In the beginning was the braggy bang. A beginning is where there is no before. However, how can something be when there is no prior? The question of the origin is further complicated when we see how all right tuned the universe is. For the emergence of life, the universe had to have initial conditions at the point of origin ... ... with a whole number amount of spin (as opposed to half(a) a spin).xxxviii Ferris, Coming of Age in the Milky Way, pp. 354-353.xxxix Polkinghorne, The Faith of a Physicist, p. 75.xl Ferris, Comin g of Age in the Milky Way, p. 351.xli Ferris, The Whole Shebang, p. 224.xlii Greene, pp. 357-358.xliii Ibid., p. 358. Brian Greene then says that Brandenberger and Vafa verified this phenomenon through detailed calculations.xliv Ibid.xlv Ibid., p. 362. The Nugget that gave rise to our universe is one of the many nuggets that were formed in prehistory of our universe. This theory is still a speculation and is not wide accepted like the string theory. Therefore, the theory about the cosmic prehistory should be taken as a possible solution and not as the definite answer.xlvi Found in Davies, p. 148.xlvii Davies, p. 232.

Roman Women and Their Mythology :: Ancient Rome Roman History

Roman Wo men and Their MythologyThroughout the ages myths, legends and fairytales have been used to teach people basic moral and educational lessons. For example, mothers and fathers use the childhood story of Goldilocks and the Three Bears to teach their children that stealing and snooping is wrong. In the end, Goldilocks was either eaten or she ran away, depending on your bloodthirsty nature. By victimization this comparison between myths and reality the Romans were able to control their women, and to discourage them from vain, romantic and adulterous actions. Women themselves had a very low place in Roman society, and could be bought and sold like cattle or slaves. Despite their low legal status, women had immense power and influence over their fathers, brothers and husbands. These myths and legends were societys guidebook, which provided women with a manual about limit conduct. Despite being a guidebook for all women to use, the Romans couldnt simply say, Look what happened to t hat mythical person. You shouldnt do what she did. This would have led to a very depressing and sluggish set of myths, so the Romans spruced them up a bit. They portrayed both good and bad pictures of women, including the Goddesses. Some of these stories were funny and some sad, but every single unrivalled had a lesson which could be learnt and acted upon. For example, the Amazons were a legendary race of warrior women who despised all men. They killed all the male babies that were born, and kept the female ones. In fact, it was said that the Amazons used the men from a nearby village as sex slaves, so that they wouldnt die out. One day, Hercules came along, and wanted to borrow the Queens belt. Hippolyte, being a woman and all, fell crazily in love with Hercules and readily agreed. But the other Amazons werent impressed, and thinking that Hercules was trying to kill their Queen, charged towards him. Hercules seized Hippolyte and slew her, then ran away with the belt. Needless to say zipper such(prenominal) else was said about the Amazons. This story was used to teach the folly of women who thought they could survive without men. They were dependant on the nearby village, and werent very well organized. They were much better off sticking to their own place in society. But as I said not all depictions were bad. Some were quite nice.

Grandmothers jewelry box :: essays research papers

My Grandmothers Jewelry BoxAn object I found to be most material and interesting is my grandmothers jewellery box. This jewelry box has been an important object in my life since I was a little girl. Whenever I view over, incredible memories leap in my head of my grandmother and me. I chose to write about this jewelry box because its so important to me. Ever since I was a little girl I wanted nothing to a greater extent than to be like my grandmother. My grandmothers jewelry box rests on my nightstand in my bedroom. Its apolished dark wooden box which contains three different compartments. Oneis for necklaces and bracelets, the second earrings, and the third rings. When you open the top theres a little girl dancing in circles while lovely music would play. This jewelry box was bought in the 1930s when my grandmother was only ten. counterbalance now in the present the jewelry box looks like new and still so beautiful. My grandmother started this collection with all her mothers jew elry from when she was a little girl. Year by year the jewelry box would fill up with such stunning things, and I would only wish they could be mine.My grandmother always dressed so beautifully and what made her stand out most was the jewelry she complimented her outfit with. When I stayed at my grandmothers house, dress up was something I loved to do, and I did it almost every day. I would try on almost all of her jewelry she owned and dance around the house. As I grew up and my grandmother started getting older, that jewelry box meant more to me then just playing dress up. I knew how very much the jewelry box meant to my grandmother and every time I glanced at it, it reminds me of how beautiful my grandmother was. At age 80, my grandmother passed away, leaving me the jewelry box. This meant more to me then anything. She knew how much I loved her jewelry and Im thrilled to know when I get older Ill be fitted to show them off, in memory of her. Every time I look at the jewelry box it brings back fond memories of my grandmother and the precious quantify we had together.